Anatomy and Physiology - Sample Test

             a. Water.
             - most abundant substance in body.
             - required for metabolic processes.
             - required for transport of substances.
             - regulates body temperature.
             b. Food.
             - provides necessary nutrients.
             - supplies energy.
             - supplies raw materials.
             c. Oxygen (gas).
             - one-fifth of air.
             - used to release energy from nutrients.
             d. Heat.
             - form of energy .
             - partly controls rate of metabolic reactions.
             e. Pressure.
             - application of force on an object.
             - atmospheric pressure " important for breathing.
             - hydrostatic pressure " keeps blood flowing.
             3. Know the levels of organization, from simplest to most complex.
             a. Subatomic particles.
             b. Atoms: made up of subatomic particles.
             c. Molecules: 2 or more atoms.
             d. Macromolecules: small molecules joined together.
             e. Organelle.
             f. Cell.
             g. Tissue: Group of cells working together to perform a function.
             4 basic types: epithelial (epi), connective tissue (CT), muscle (mm), nerve (n).
             h. Organ: 2 or more tissues joined together with a specific function and shape.
             i. Organ system: Related organs with a common function;11 systems.
             j. Organism.
             4. Describe the major body cavities, what organs are found in each and be able to identify them on a diagram. (Dorsal-cranial and vertebral, Ventral-thoracic and abdominopelvic) What muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?.
             a. Diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
             b. .
             5. Describe the membranes and their locations (parietal vs visceral. Pleural, pericardial, peritoneal).
             a. Visceral covers the outside of the organ.
             b. Parietal lines the inside of the organ.
             c. Pericardial surrounds the heart.
             d. Pleural is located in the thoracic cavity and lungs.
             e. Peritoneal is located in the abdominopelvic cavity.
             6. Describe the organ systems, their functions, and organs found in each (endocrine, digestive urinary, skeletal, integumentary, nervous, respiratory, reproductive).
             a. Integumentary: Components: skin, hair, glands.
             Functions: protection, regulates body temperature, eliminates waste, vitamin D, sensations.