Aspects of Public Administration

             3. The Reliance of Written Rules and Regulations.
             In order to ensure the continuity of the organization's policies and procedures, all rules, procedures, decisions, regulations and actions taken by the organization are detailed and reliably formulated and recorded in writing because "paper trail" of legend was no accident.
             4. Employment Based on Technical Qualifications.
             The officials should be appointed base on professional merit and the technical qualification of a person that is tested through a competitive examination. Also, hiring and promoting staff, and dividing works are based on specialization and technical competence rather than the connections and relationships.
             5. The Principle of Impersonality.
             The official works in an organization is just the means of administration and the officials should appropriate their positions. Means of production like machines and tools should belong to the office or department, but not the officeholder. Also, managers should maintain an impersonal relationship with employees  to promote fair and equal treatment and uniform policies and procedures of all employees so that unbiased decisions can be made  (Educational Portal Academy, n.d.).
             6. Committed Membership.
             Members of bureaucracy should be seen as a career for official. The office is the sole or primary occupation of the incumbent so that an official should treat themselves as full-time employee. .
             7. Salaried Officials.
             All officials are compensated with a salary and pension which is according to seniority or merit, but not with benefits such as rights to land. And official usually receives a salary based on the status of the position or even the length of service, but not so much on the productivity performance. Besides, the officials do not affected by political influence in terms of the change of political leadership in order to ensure the stability and continuity of policies.
             An organization refers to "a group of people who jointly work to achieve a common goal"" (Bealey, 1999) and it's the principle of administration to increase the effectiveness of administration within an organization.