The Caribou Gold Rush had a large impact on the province of British Columbia. It contributed to the colonies of British Columbia and Vancouver Island joining, as well as BC eventually joining Canada. It also had a great impact on the Chinese population who began immigrating to BC in large numbers.
In the late 1850's, when Billy Barker and others found gold in the Caribou Region, it sparked a huge influx of people to the area who were in search of gold. The Governor decided to build the Caribou Road into the area for a number of reasons; to promote settlement and economic development and to insure that the tax revenue from the mining operations were collected for the colony. Unfortunately the road was extremely expensive to build and it wasn't completed until the gold rush was coming to an end. This quickly led to a loss of population and revenue to both governments of Vancouver Island and British Columbia. This left the colony with a huge debt and facing bankruptcy, the Governors of the colonies had to come up with solutions to solve this problem.
One strategy to solve the problem was to unite the two colonies which eventually occurred in 1866. However this union did not solve their financial difficulties as the population continued to decline and the money problems continued. This led to push for confederation with Canada. Many believed that with a union with a larger body such as Canada or the US would be a more permanent solution. In 1868 those in favor of Confederation adopted a series of resolutions proposing that Canada become liable for British Columbia's debt and that the federal government build a railway that would link BC to the east. At the same time a small group from Victoria were pushing for an annexation to the United States. The debate went on until 1869 when Governor Seymore died. He was replaced by Anothony Musgrave who was a friend of John A. Macdonald. It wasn't long before the terms of confederation were agreed upon and BC became officially a part of Canada in 1871.