Throughout much of ancient Greek society, focus was centered upon oneself as opposed to the ideal of others and family. In comparison to Homer's Iliad, the idea of family and the development of that relationship are concepts more central to the Odyssey. One relationship in the Odyssey that is unique to the Greek literature of the time is the bond between Penelope and Odysseus. After all, their love is one that withstands the tests of time, literally. This love is first observed at a distance, as Odysseus meets challenge after challenge on his journey home and Penelope tries to fend off the suitors. Through their similar cleverness, we observe that the marriage between Penelope and Odysseus is truly something special. As this relationship is observed through the eyes of Penelope while she awaits the return of her beloved, one can also observe the values conveyed in the noble household and the role women play in ancient Greek society. .
Odysseus' and Penelope's marriage increasingly becomes tense as the years go on without Odysseus's return. Penelope is pressured by the overwhelming requests of marriage from the 200 suitors chasing after her in pursuit of becoming the next king of Ithaca. The tension is clear from the start of the epic poem. Penelope is lured down into the main area of the house to where the bard was singing, to the suitors, a song of the Achaeans and the disasters that Athena made in order to make them suffer. Penelope's undying love to Odysseus is taunted and brushed away by the ever present pressure of remarrying from the suitors. She weeps daily for her thought-to-be dead husband, Odysseus. In this following quote, we can tell she is distraught from the yearning of her husband's return: "How I long for my husband -alive in memory, always, that great man whose fame resounds through Hellas right to the depths of Argos (Odyssey i.395-397)!" This demonstrates how the thought of Penelope losing her husband as he sailed off to fight in the war has led her to break down in tears.