There are many nationalities around the world and each nationality has different type of culture. The differences lead to varieties way of interactions and communications among the people, such as in business environment and social environment. So, how far do we understand about the meaning of culture? This report will define culture and explain the effects of culture on the conduct of business.
2. What is culture?.
There are a lot of definitions for culture. Culture is a tradition in human lives that has existed naturally. According to Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner (1997), culture consists of 3 layers: the outer, middle and core layers. The outer layer refers to the explicit products which include clothes, languages and buildings. The middle layer refers to norms and values, the rule about what is right and wrong, good and bad. The examples for this layer are our attitude to traditions, marriage and religion. The core layer of culture refers to our assumption about the existence which is our attitude to fellows humans, time and nature.
3. The core layer of culture.
It is the core layer of culture that affects the conduct of business. Hofstede (cited in Lustig and Koester, 1999) believes there are 4 dimensions of core cultural differences. They are Individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity. However, Lustig and Koester believe that Individualism and collectivism are the most important.
3.1 Features of individualism.
Individualism is the belief or way people's doing things individually. According to Hofstede (cited in Samovar and Porter, 2001), an individualist person will do all the things individually and more consider in achieving personal goals. In addition, Samovar and Porter (2001) state that the individualist will be more independence, they will not depend on other people. They will be more considering on private property, having individuals" opinions and decisions, emphasis on individuals" initiative and achievements.
It is generally agreed that language and culture are closely related and these two notions cannot be separated. ... Speaking about language and culture, one can say that through language people verbalize culture. ... Japanese language is a vivid example of how language and culture are interrelated. ... This is how culture affects language. Summing up, it is worth saying that culture depends on language, and vise-versa. ...
In some cultures, independence is highly valued and toddlers, while in other cultures interdependence if more of the custom. ... In some cultures such as American cultures, parents want their child to express their frustration in any way they feel the need because it forms a sense of independence. ... If an American child is born and raised in Africa with a home life focused on African values and culture than they will have values commonly seen in African cultures rather than those seen in American cultures. ... If an Asian Indian child is born in America and raised with American culture, they...
Culture is a way for an individual to find his or her identity. ... Communication plays a crucial part in culture. ... This cultural experience is also present in universities where it is known as academic culture. Every university has its own academic culture. Academic culture defines the attitudes and values of the lecturers and students. ...
Virtu Like most Western philosophers, Niccolo Machiavelli's ideas were heavily influenced by the early Greek philosophers. Most notable among the Greek philosophers who inspired Machiavelli was Plato. In particular, Machiavelli took interest in Plato's concept of just rulers who ruled by moral virtue. Machiavelli argued against this Platonic philosophy. He believed in "virtu", whatever was best for the State was virtu. ...
Introduction This document focuses on an African Nation, and a "traditional" culture that inhabits the geographic area. ... This document will be broken down into different sections: General Information on Mali; Dogon Culture, and Dogon Art. ... ("Mali " 2000) Dogon Culture. ... Overall, the Dogon have changed little over the centuries, but the culture is hardly monotonous. ... (Paraphrased & edited; Keim 54) Dogon Art One of the most important parts of Dogon culture is their art. ...
When comparing and contrasting the development and later decline of major Indian cultures, one must come to understand the way of living of each culture. ... Usually, that fault of these cultures comes from the Earth itself. ... To begin, each culture must be first be identified, generalized with other cultures in order to compare. ... Both cultures were located in the forested core of the Midwest. ... The Woodland culture, is the most divergent from the others. ...
Question Is there a culture of poverty? ... Response Yes, there is a culture of poverty. ... In some cultures only men work because women are not allowed to go out and work and their labour power remains unused and get wasted. ... Apart from these there are also certain factors of culture which would facilitate a person to get out of poverty adding up with the personal efforts. ... The culture of poverty usually has values which binds people closely together unlike big cities. ...
In this case, culture affects how an individual live their life. ... Education is a crucial factor to culture. ... Culture makes men the leaders and women the followers. Culture also defines success of an individual. ... Culture also affects how people are motivated. ...
South Asian culture is still full of distinct and undefinable aspects. In the movies and popular literature it is represented as the culture of silence, religion and spirituality. ... Thus, the South Asian culture and Indian culture in particular are intended on sacred wisdom and spirituality, which raise routine life to gods. ... The Oriental culture is mainly man-ruled, but women can make own choices about certain matters. ... A modern world moves fast, brings new trends, but India guards its traditions and culture....
The one of the important parts of Kazakh culture is its national clothes. ... The policy of Russification push people to forget their culture and to receive Russian tradition. ... After the wave of Westernization had come to our country, the Kazakh culture continued to get worse. ... Despite these facts about Kazakh culture was getting worse, there were many local areas of Kazakhstan where Kazakh people follow our culture and traditions. ... Before that time as it was said above there were not any possibilities to evolve our culture, there was not freedom. ...