His vast knowledge of these languages and their relations forms the basis of the many languages of Middle Earth. As an example, he modeled the elfish language after the intrinsically beautiful Welsh and Finnish languages, utilizing their phonetic and grammatical patterns as a basis (Shippey).
The Great War.
In the first sentence in the Foreword of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkein describes his book as "a history of the Great War of the Ring."" (Tolkein, Fellowship 8) In addition, while discussing the principal characters in this novel, he writes:.
My Sam Gamgee is indeed a reflexion of the English soldier, of the privates and batmen I knew in the 1914 war, and recognize as so far superior to myself. (van Vliet).
This is one affirmation that Tolkein makes to correlate pieces of his tales to his experiences. The Great War of the Ring was supposedly the war to end all wars. It was an epic battle where humans and elves united under one banner to push back and ultimately destroy the evil that scourged the lands. This would seem to parallel an overall view of World War I (also called the Great War). European countries and the US united under one banner to push back and ultimately defeat Germany.
As Priscilla Tolkein has also pointed out, the journey through the Dead Marshes in The Two Towers looks very much like a description of the marshy and swampy battlefields in Northern France and in Flanders. During the war, these areas transformed into muddy swamps with slippery clay and shell craters filled with water and corpses. Innumerable soldiers lost their footing and drowned in the treacherous pits. (van Holstein) .
They walked slowly, stooping, keeping close in line, following attentively every move that Gollum made. The fens grew more wet, opening into wide stagnant meres, among which is grew more and more difficult to find the firmer places where feet could tread without sinking into the gurgling mud.