about 80% of the citizens mostly farmers lived in rural areas to grow crops and bring those to cities which were administrative center of the empire. In the center of Rome, a million residents inhabited. .
Politics.
1. Roman Senate made policy and governed.
2. They nominated their sons for public offices so that they could bring their wealth, political and military experience. .
1. .
Society.
1. The oldest in a family called the paterfamilias had absolute authority, and this system called auctoritas made it possible for men to be dominant over women. .
2. patron/client obligation relation system was used in the society in which men had more rights. .
3. Roman women hardly had human rights under the authority of their paterfamilias. No rights to own properties and had to depend on men. .
4. Romans used to believe in an invisible shapeless force called nimina, and they maintained the peace of the gods, know as the pax deorum, a covenant between gods and the Roman state. .
5. A hierarchical system already existed as the rich and poor had different life styles. .
6. a lot of slaves were needed in Rome because of many wars. They were also needed for manufactures. Unlike Roman, Chinese required less slaves. In China, slaves generally performed domestic tasks, whether they belonged to the state or to individuals. .
Economy.
1. Peasant farmers were forced to stay away from their fields and fight because of the wars and once they came back, their fields were already purchased by new owners. Since these owners started to graze herds of cattle and grow grapes for wine, the entire state had to be dependent on expensive imported grain that former peasants used to grow in their fields. .
2. The number of unemployment went up because of this, and the Roman society became much unstable.