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Orwell describes Oceania as being led by a ruthless leader, who uses terror, and propaganda as a means of maintaining power. Although Orwell never really elaborates about the leader, he uses the Party (Big Brother, his followers) to carry out the reign of terror. As Orwell writes about Big Brother, it's as though he's conveying an actual history of the Party (Ingsoc). Since this book was written after WWII, I feel Orwell portrays Big Brother in comparison to such historical figures as Hitler, Stalin and Mussolini, who were dictators, and leaders of totalitarian societies, that had absolute, and unquestionable authority over their respective nations. Their power was so corrupt that it led to the annihilation of millions of people.
Big Brother along with Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini used many of the same methods for maintaining power, and the abuse of that power. Each emphasized the state as greater than the individual, and had a fixation with police and military strength, which was used to keep opposing views from reaching the public. The book 1984 used the slogans "BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU" and WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, and IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH. These slogans instilled paranoia in the people, and gave Big Brother power over them. Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini used propaganda slogans to emphasize their framework of power as well. Orwell also uses the Ministry of Love (dedicated to torture); the Ministry of Peace (dedicated to war); the Ministry of Truth (dedicated to lies); Newspeak and doublethink. These were tools of his government that dehumanized people through terror so that the individual was thoroughly reduced to a nonentity by an all-powerful elite (the Inner Party).
Hitler and the Third Reich, portrayed the Jews as despicable and made them hated by law. Hitler and the Third Reich were racist and anti-Semite, wanting the Jews exterminated to protect the pure "German Blood.