Government is the exercise of authority in a political unit. There are many types of government that have been established over time, but how does the populace know which form of government is truly fit to hold authority and govern them? Many different philosophers have attempted to give an explanation for the answer to this question within their writings. Four philosophers in particular have stated remarkable theories into what type of government is best for a society.
Government is needed to maintain stability and order in a society. According to Hobbes, without government a state of anarchy takes place. Hobbes states that in nature, life is "brutish, short, solitary, poor, and nasty" (Hobbes Reading) and joining society will help protect people from a premature death. Hobbes's explanation of human nature and the need for government portrays a pessimistic view on life. He states people need government for protection, one of his main points, which causes his whole theory to show no real incentive for becoming part of society. One person should not have complete control and power over people; it should be divided and evenly separated. John Locke's use of separation of powers helps evenly divide power among different branches and makes sure that they are equal through checks and balances. Locke states that people join government to protect their natural rights; life, liberty, and property. He gives the semblance that in joining society you will have security and console in knowing that your natural rights will not be obstructed. Locke's theory is optimistic and inducing to the people. The process of passing laws within a democracy may seem long and excessive because of the checks and balances. Within a dictatorship / absolute sovereignty, decisions are quick and decisive and sound convenient, but laws can be passed that are unjust or faulty. With patience, a democracy's system of passing laws is very efficient and just.