" (p. 100) thus almost everything seems subject to luck. Therefore it would seem from our intuition no moral judgment can be made, in defiance with commonly held belief, due to the fact that luck is involved in so many different ways.
Nagel lists four different ways luck can be involved. Resultant Luck deals with the way things actually turn out. Circumstantial Luck deals with what kind of problems and situations an individual faces. Causal Luck stems from the fact that all events are caused, therefore prior events affect future outcomes. Constitutive Luck is the luck of possessing one's own personality, abilities, and desires. .
Resultant luck has to do with decisions made under uncertainty. Nagel gives an example of someone who must decide whether to start a revolution against a tyrannical regime. He understands that the revolution will lead to bloodshed, and if it fails, those who took part will be executed and the regime will become even more brutal. However if no revolution occurs, the regime will remain as brutal. If he succeeds he will be a hero, if he fails he will bear "some responsibility" for the terrible consequences of that failure. Thus, the outcome of the revolution, which seems matter of resultant luck, is directly related with the moral responsibility of the individual.
Circumstantial luck, or being in the right place at the right time, can also have an effect on moral judgment. Nagel gives an example of a person who lives in Nazi Germany and "behaves badly." Although such a person seems morally culpable for his actions, Nagel gives us another example of a German, who moves to Argentina before the War for business reasons, who, if he had remained in Germany, would have behaved just as badly as the first German. The second German does not seem as blameworthy as the first German because he never did the deeds. After all people are judged by what they do, not what they would have done had the circumstances been different.