Candle

            
            
             To observe a candle flame and to perform several tests.
             To interpret the observations and the results of the tests.
             MATERIALS and EQUIPMENT:.
             2 can lids.
             wire gauze.
             250-mL beaker.
             shallow pan.
             500-mL Erlenmeyer flask.
             glass square.
             towel.
             2 candles.
             matches.
             tap water.
             lime water.
             PROCEDURE:.
             1. Wear safety gear!.
             2. Light large candle, drip 5 to 10 drops of melted was onto center of a can lid, affix candle upright.
             3. Observe the burning candle and record observations (see DATA TABLE).
             4. Light the smaller candle, blow out the other candle, slowly bring new flame to the smoke of the other candle, record observations (see DATA TABLE).
             5. Affix smaller candle to can lid, and relight first candle, extinguish smaller candle.
             6. Hold wire gauze over burning candle, lowering and rising it slowly from the flame, record observations (see DATA TABLE).
             7. Place 250-mL beaker over the flame, hold it there for a few seconds, observe (see DATA TABLE).
             8. Fill pan half way with water, place smaller candle in and light. Lower 500-mL Erlenmeyer flask over candle and in the water, observe (see DATA TABLE).
             DATA TABLE:.
             .
             Procedure 3 observations:.
             The white candle looks blue and purple.
             The flame is blue near the wick.
             The flame is more orange towards the end.
             The flame flickers in the wind.
             It blows in the direction of the wind.
             The candle is white.
             The wax slowly melts.
             The melted wax allows the candle to stay upright.
             Procedure 4 observations:.
             The flame becomes darker.
             The flame splits when it makes contact with the smoke.
             The flame blows in the same direction of the smoke.
             Procedure 6 observations:.
             The flame went around the wire.
             It does not seem to smoke, only burn.
             Procedure 7 observations:.
             The flame grew bigger.
             The beaker became foggy.
             Procedure 8 observations:.
             As the water rose into the beaker, the flame grew smaller and eventually went out.
             PROCESSING the DATA:.
             1. Classify: The candle burning was an inference, and all the observations made on the other tests were observations.