Aaron Ogden Gibbons: Challenged a New York state granted monopoly to Aaron Ogden by running two steamboats between New York and New Jersey. Ogden: Licensed to operate steamboats exclusively between New York and New Jersey. ... Robert Fulton, one inventor of the steamboat obtained exclusive rights from the state of New York to navigate his boats between Elizabethtown, New Jersey and New York City. ... When Gibbons took Ogden to court, the state of New York always ruled in favor of Aaron Ogden, barring any competition. ... Chief Justice John Marshall said the New York monopoly w...

• Word Count: 303
• Approx Pages: 1
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, responding to massive complaints from New York citizens, threatened to cut off all New York City funding for the Museum, unless the show was shut down. ... In addition, he cut off the annual funding from the City to the museum which was about $6-7 million, and directed various City agencies to have the Museum evicted from the City owned building in which it was housed" (Boyd). ... In November, 2000, federal judge Nina Gershon granted a preliminary injunction that bars Guiliani and other city officials from "taking steps to inflict any punishment, retaliat...

• Word Count: 1152
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1962, Harlem Hospital Center, only one of many in New York City, had almost 1,600 women admitted with incomplete abortions. ... Several of the agencies were prosecuted and closed down by the attorney general of New York. ...

• Word Count: 512
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

However, Brown enhanced activism also in many Northern cities where "de facto" segregation existed. For example, Mae Mallory, a New York City parent and Civil Rights Movement leader, complained about unequal conditions in New York City segregated schools and initiated a successful lawsuit on Brown's principles (Weiner 55-61). ...

• Word Count: 1150
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

Timothy McVeigh, who later committed the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, was first arrested for driving without a license plate. ... Wolfish, which determined that strip-searches were allowed for detainees who had contact visits in the Metropolitan Correctional Center in New York, Justice Kennedy wrote, the "undoubted security imperatives involved in jail supervision override the assertion that some detainees must be exempt from the more invasive search procedures at issue absent reasonable suspicion of a concealed weapon or other contraband." ... In one case study performed at a facility in...

• Word Count: 805
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Approving Our Constitution In 1787, political leaders met at the Constitutional Congress in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation. Instead, they wrote the United States Constitution, an entirely new plan of government. Under this new plan the states would retain a number of imp...

• Word Count: 599
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Holder Jr. was born in New York City, where he did not experience the privilege of attending private schools, he studied and worked hard in public school and received a Regents Scholarship from Stuyvesant High School. ...

• Word Count: 609
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

In addition, with their exceptional dedication and militancy in New York City and Lawrence, women helped transform the image of the working woman.6 They no longer held a sense of dependency on anyone other than themselves and became appreciated for their willingness to fight for their causes. ...

• Word Count: 592
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate