Monetary supply decreased significantly from 100 per cent of 1990's nominal GDP to about only 16 per cent in four years' time (The World Bank, 1996). ... China and SLTS State-led transition strategy in China initially calls for a market-orientated economy to be developed on the base of the existing planned economy. It should be noted before proceeding further that China's command economy varies largely to that of the Soviet's in terms of the degree to which the economy was centrally controlled. ... The withdrawal of the state made the management of economy difficult in Russ...

• Word Count: 1874
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Explanation of how Japanese, German, and Italian aggression acts took the world to World War II. ... At that time, the economy of Germany was capitalist one, 1933. ... That is how the World War II began in Europe. ... Secondly Russian economy suffered because of the cut in military spending that ensured many people who initially employed being jobless. ... Lastly is the economic legacies; the Cold War left a huge fiscal mortgage placed on many domestic economies hence affecting economies of such countries (Cooper, 1996). ...

• Word Count: 1698
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

This was a potentially lethal blow to the Cuban economy, as it was intended to be. ... Castro's revolution broke up the concentration of resources and nationalized much of the economy. ... US investments were diversified throughout the economy. ... Also following the revolution, Cuba's economy became heavily dependent on Soviet support. ... By 1995, the Cuban economy had begun a process of recovery, but it has been uneven and the economy has not retuned to pre-crisis period. ...

• Word Count: 2137
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

Germany's condition after the Second World War was harrowing. ... They wanted to re-establish a stable economy. ... Every country in Western Europe was afraid of a Soviet takeover.9 Not even the USA wanted to risk a war with them in 1948 and when it came to the Berlin Blockade the world was in fear of a third world war. ... Berlin seemed to be again reflecting the political world of the late 40's. ... Greece was also in need for help after the Second World War. ...

• Word Count: 2360
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Furthermore, perestroika and glasnost would attempt to restructure socialism to a new socialism capable of existing in the world economy. ... The Law on the Enterprise would give enterprises the freedom to practice market economy tactics. ... However, as discussed later in this paper, the people demanded change and wanted to move away from a planned economy. ... He believed the state should retain power with regards to the economy. ... In the meanwhile the economy continued on its downward spiral- (McCauley 348). ...

• Word Count: 1397
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 resulted in Mongolia shifting dramatically towards a market orientated economy. ... The attempt to replace the centralized, collectivized economic system with a free market economy was (and continues to be) fraught with difficulties. ... Compounding the inherent difficulties of transforming a controlled collective economy into a free market economy were three major shocks. ... I will argue that the problems and failures that accompanied privatization of land was symptomatic of the problems encountered more generally in the economy : the already ver...

• Word Count: 2388
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Economy Of Hungary During the two decades following World War II, Hungary was transformed from a predominantly agricultural land into an industrial-agricultural state. ... The GNP as calculated by the World Bank was about 26$ billion, or 2,470$ per person. If the NMP were converted into dollars at the World Bank rate for the forint that year, it would equal $19.8 billion, or about $1,880 per person. ... The share of Hungary's NMP contributed by industry and agriculture has changed markedly since World War II. ... A key item in Hungary's economy, would have to be trade. ...

• Word Count: 1630
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After the fall of communism new multipolar world create prospects for cooperation and integration on the basis of the whole world community without dividing into the blocks. ... China is still a socialist country with a planned economy. ... Nowadays China turned it policy into the way of leadership in world politics. ... Such attitude is based on the process of Chinese economical integration into the world market economy. ... Old world order was time for terrorists, local conflicts, competition of military power and world division. ...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The GOELRO plan was the solution to Russia's economic state, a first of its kind, introduced to move the economy into the modern era. ... Russia the once gain basket of the world was reduced to importing grain to feed its starving population. ... This allowed the regulation of the economy needed of the massive growth envisaged by Stalin. ... The control applied to the economy however was also applied to the everyday lives of Russian citizens. ... " Possibly the greatest impact Stalin personally had on Russia was during the Second World War. ...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A Command Economy The collapse of the USSR came from the poor performance of the country's economy. ... By the 1980s there was no economic growth in the Soviet Economy. ... Their defeat had a detrimental effect on the morale of the Soviet people as the mighty Red Army had been defeated by one of a third world nation. ... The restructuring of the economy included radical changes. ... Thatcher's success in restructuring the British economy impacted on Gorbachev. ...

• Word Count: 1987
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

As well, all of the nations involved shared the common goals of implementing democratic systems of government and moving to market economies. ... Democracy had been spreading throughout the world for the preceding two decades, but with a very important difference. ... Due to their longtime adherence to communist policies, these nations faced great difficulty in making the transition to a pluralist system as well as a market economy. According to Preuss, these problems were threefold: The genuine economic devastations wrought by the communist regimes, the transformation of the...

• Word Count: 1707
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

Actually at the beginning of the 1980s the USSR seemed to be in a strong position in the world, but as R. ... But that was not the main problem, it also led to the hostility between the USSR and much of the Muslim world. ... The economy was in a very bad shape in the 1980s. Not only the domestic economy couldn't meet the needs of the population also alcoholism played a huge role. ... But also the west was steadily moving forward with their economy and so it seemed difficult to catch up with the west and stop the drift out of the situation. ...

• Word Count: 1290
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

As the world watched in amazement, the most successful communist country, the USSR, collapsed and disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. ... Economy stagnation was one of the reasons that caused the collapse. In the 1980s, after several years of economy growth, USSR struggled in an economic stagnation which was considered as an inevitable result of a long-term command economy. ... After World War II, people increasingly sought for a much variety of goods which should not only fill their basic needs, but also satisfy their personal demands. However, the command economy, which the USSR h...

• Word Count: 1863
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Plan of Investigation In the late 20th century, the U.S.S.R, as a superpower, exerted tremendous political, military, and economic influence around the world. ... With the reform of all structures, Yeltsin attempted to transform a centrally planned economy to a capitalist order. ... This sparked tensions for jobs and urban space, causing the Russian economy to develop around the regional centers of Moscow and St. ... This weakens the economy on an internal scale, and on the international market. ... Yeltsin's policies that caused the economy to collapse were closely intertwined with the ...

• Word Count: 1763
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

According to the Russian Journal, "this year, investments into the Russian economy are poised to take off as the country turns into one of the most promising economies for long-term growth .. "When the whole world seems to be in a recession except for a few countries, and with Russian GDP growth being a star in the world, it is obvious that smart money will flow to where it can be invested smartly. ... Russia is tenth in the world in GDP, however per capita GDP is only $9,300, placing it 78th in the world. ... This makes them susceptible to swings in world prices. ... This shows target that...

• Word Count: 1482
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

. Exhibit 12.4 Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin then inaugurated an era of Five-Year plans in order to convert the weak, agrarian Russian economy into a powerful and stable industrial economy. ... Thus the world was forced to re-evaluate the western values of democracy. ... They have a world to win. ... The Russian Revolution thus invited the laboring people all over the world to unite against the capitalist class. ... In the economic field, the conception of economic planning (Five-Year Plans) and the idea of central direction of the national economy with definite goals, emerged from the ...

• Word Count: 1340
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Under Lenin's rule, the Soviet Union underwent radical changes in its economic doctrines by adopting a mixed economy, known as the New Economic Policy (Harris). ... After World War II, miraculously national unity was strengthened, as well as the Soviet Army. ... This was the organizational restructuring of the Soviet economy and government apparatus. ... And finally, by the end of 1993, energy prices would be allowed to move to world levels. Exchange restrictions were eliminated totally to introduce Russia into the world economy. ...

• Word Count: 1541
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

First, in Stalin's Russia, his Five Year Plans controlled the national economy. ... To administer these economic changes, he created an agency called the Gosplan, which decided upon every detail of the economy. ... Through conscious management, the government took control of the resources and workforce, therefore creating a true communistic economy. ... He rose to power in a Germany that had a floundering economy and many social concerns following their loss in World War II. ... In A History of the Modern World, R.R. ...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the last years before World War 1 there was no reason to believe that revolution was inevitable, much less imminent in Russia. ... The Russia economy gradually broke down, food and other necessities became increasingly scarce. ... The revolution was needed for the growth of the economy. Since the 1917 Revolution the country has change from poverty - stricken country of illiterate peasants to one of the world's greatest military and economic powers. ... Since 1917 Russia has also increased its mineral production to become one of the world's leading producers. ...

• Word Count: 1424
• Approx Pages: 6

After the First World War, the Treaty of Versailles was established. ... Hitler banned trade unions and strikes in order to control the economy. ... Stalin started his plan of turning the Soviet Union into a Communist state started when he implemented the first of many Five-Year Plans and changed their economy to command economy. ... This rejected Economic Freedom, Private Property, Self-Interest and as well as Competition since the state controlled the economy--since it is in Stalin's plan to have a command economy or a system in which the government makes all the decisions involving th...

• Word Count: 2214
• Approx Pages: 9

During World War I, the Ottoman Empire deported or massacred nearly all of the Armenians living in Anatolia due to suspicion of pro-Russian sentiments. ... Armenia was an industrial complex of the Soviet Union dependent upon the other republics to have a stable economy, but since independence, it has diversified its economy to better provide for itself. ... Since independence, several calamities plagued the economy of Armenia. In 1988 a massive earthquake caused terrible damage to an already weak infrastructure, uncommonly cold winters, and ongoing disputes over the Nagorno-Karabakh region wit...

• Word Count: 1451
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Cold War started in the closing moments of World War II in 1945. ... "World events were dominated by a great struggle between the democratic and capitalist countries of the west, led by the United States, and the Communist nations, led by the Soviet Union " (Kort). ... However, jobs were lost in all different branches of the economy. ... The Cold War was such a rough time for everyone all around the world, however it hit the hardest for the Germans. ... All of these things combined, put Berlin's economy and relationships with one another in a twist and left them struggling to bring th...

• Word Count: 1509
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As a result, Poland held its first competitive elections since before World War II, and in 1989, Solidarity formed the first non-Communist government within the Soviet bloc since 1948. ... The Soviet economy had long-term problems because of its lack of integration into the world economy, in particular it had fallen behind in areas of technology and research Together with a rigid command structure of economic decision making this made the Soviet economy structurally weak and uncompetitive. The Soviet Union had, since the 1917 revolution, taken an isolationist position with the rest of the w...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Modern World History Joseph Stalin led the Socialist Soviet Union in the "Revolution from Above," a movement to centralize the government and transform society without popular participation . ... Eager to be rid of the NEP, the New Economic Policy, Lenin's benevolent intermediary capitalist economy, Stalin hoped to teleport the Soviet Union into his promised Socialist state in a revolutionary movement, not the projected evolutionary age. Regardless of the prematurity, Stalin's Plan was consistent with the Bolshevik theory that Socialism required a statized and centrally planned...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Modern World History Joseph Stalin led the Socialist Soviet Union in the "Revolution from Above," a movement to centralize the government and transform society without popular participation . ... Eager to be rid of the NEP, the New Economic Policy, Lenin's benevolent intermediary capitalist economy, Stalin hoped to teleport the Soviet Union into his promised Socialist state in a revolutionary movement, not the projected evolutionary age. Regardless of the prematurity, Stalin's Plan was consistent with the Bolshevik theory that Socialism required a statized and centrally planned ...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate