Another environmental concern is the contamination of water. ... Pennsylvania had racked up a bill of $5 billion in order to clean the pollution from the mines. ... That causes contamination to the water like that in the Ohio River. ... Fracking has also been a source of local air pollution. ... Colorado is one such case where they had not experienced major air pollution until the use of fracking started. ...

• Word Count: 1506
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Since the passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, the petroleum industry has invested nearly $17 billion in oil spill prevention and response. ... Coast Guard's Office of Investigations, states in a letter for the Pollution Incident Compendium: 1973-1997: "By nearly every measure, the volume of spills in U.S. waters has been on a steady downward trend since 1973." ... This water-in-oil emulsion may be 50-80 percent water and thus increases the volume of the oil spilled. ... Usually, the resulting compounds are more soluble in water. ... Submersion Most oils float on the surface o...

• Word Count: 1417
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

This can have a big effect on those that rely on wells for drinking water. ... Also, there has been an application for building a frack water treatment plant right near Harveys Lake, PA ("Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle" 2014). ... Those in favor of fracking realize that there is pollution associated with it. With the pollution concern, there are those that are considering alternatives such as a waterless fracking method. Not using water can reduce the risk dramatically of ground and drinking water becoming contaminated. ...

• Word Count: 1277
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

As a result of the equipment and methods used to extract the oil, high levels of pollution are released into the atmosphere, disturbing nearby ecosystems. ... The extraction of oil from the sea floor releases many harmful materials and particles into the water. One such substance is drill mud, which consists of mainly clay, water or mineral oil and chemical additives. ... It has been estimated that "A single offshore rig emits the same quantity of air pollution as 7000 cars driving 50 miles per day." ... Many times, bi-products of the drilling are released into the water. ...

• Word Count: 1668
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

And finally, the amount of pollution that these actions, and even many of the actions of everyday citizens such as you and I, are quite literally killing the Earth. ... Fracking is the process of drilling deep down inside of the earth, before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Water, sand, and chemicals are then injected into the rock at high pressures, which then allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well. ... This negatively impacts the animals that previously inhabited these frozen land masses by taking away their homes and the very grou...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5

This process can take over a million gallons of water per well. During the process, some of the water is contaminated and must be disposed of. If shale gas wells fade faster than expected, hydrofracking will have to occur more often, which will contaminate even more water (Urbina). A study conducted by Duke University revealed that fracking polluted drinking water with methane gas, which is not necessarily harmful in drinking water but can explode at high concentrations (The Wall Street Journal). Many legitimate concerns regarding fracking have surfaced including, release of toxic or radi...

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This information from the States indicates that serious water quality problems persist nationwide, and it emphasizes the importance of restoring and preserving our nations clean water (Browner 33). ... This chemical pollution can be directly accredited to dumping made by flight line aircraft maintainers. ... When fuel is dispersed into open water it eventually sinks and moves along the bottom stirring up the nutrients and sediments (U.S. ... Water Clarity in the Chesapeake Bay Commercial Fishing. ... However, these bottom dwelling creatures are extremely susceptible to pollution, over harve...

• Word Count: 2060
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Oil finds a way into the water quite often. ... This is bad for birds, because they depend on being water-resistant, and the oil destroys their natural water-resistant coat, causing the feathers to absorb water, which makes it hard for them to fly. ... Here are some of the protection measures being taken, as quoted from EPA's oil spill protection website, (http://www.epa.gov/region09/waste/sfund/oilpp/oil.html) "EPA's Spill Prevention Countermeasure and Control plan (40 CFR 112.7), Facility Response Plan (40 CFR 112.20), and Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA '90)". ... The ocean...

• Word Count: 1422
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

In Alberta fresh water is being drained from lakes and rivers to support the vast number of factories that mine the crude oil from the sands there (Tar sands and water, 1). The fresh water is used to separate the oil from the clay and sand. In the Athabasca River alone 370 million cubic metres of water is used every year, and nearly twice that amount from the city of Calgary yearly (Tar sands and water, 1). ... Three new technologies have been invented in the last two decades, one of which clears up a large piece of the environmental pollution. ... It was brought to their attention that fresh ...

• Word Count: 1621
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

The heat from burning wood can be used for a number of processes from heating water to smelting ore. ... The very nature of biomass energy requires that it be burned and even if the organic material is low-carbon, it will still emit some pollution and carbon emissions. ... Magnesium can also be mixed with water which also produces heat and can be used to boil water, produce steam, and drive a turbine to generate electricity. The by-products of this process are water and magnesium oxide, which itself can be recycle back into magnesium by the use of a solar laser. ... Supporters of the magnesium...

• Word Count: 1281
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ethanol is low in reactivity and high in oxygen content, making it an effective tool in reducing the levels of ozone pollution. ... The contamination of drinking water is less of an issue for ethanol because it is less toxic to humans than other alternative fuels in equal concentrations. ... A critical limitation of ethanol as an alternative fuel is its role as a detergent, which has the ability to absorb water. Accumulated sediment and water sludge in storage tanks, pipelines and in the fuel tanks of vehicles could clog filters and create other operational problems5. ... Countries that have a...

• Word Count: 1377
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate