Abstract Hiring and retaining more women provides numerous important advantages to law enforcement agencies. ... The Kitchen Is Closed The Hiring and Retention of Women in Law Enforcement "A man's got to do what a man's got to do. ... Only 12.7% of all sworn law enforcement positions in large agencies were held by women in 2001. ... There is a crisis in law enforcement today. ... Executives are being demanded to transform the very nature of the relationship between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. ...

• Word Count: 2761
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so," founding father Thomas Jefferson expressed. ... "One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws," nobel peace prize winner, civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. proclaimed. ... Citizens of good moral sense should vigorously oppose unjust government arrangements through peaceful resistance. ... An unreasonable law is not a law, in the full feeling of the word. ... Lawful positivism and the natural law theory of positive law are opponent perspectives about what is law and wha...

• Word Count: 3194
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The common law reasoned that, first, only a promisee may enforce the promise, meaning that if the third party is not a promisee he is not privy to the contract. ... The two principles of Privity and Consideration have become entwined, but the Law Commission has suggested that two separate policy issues can be identified, namely, the doctrine of privity has two aspects. ... The doctrine of privity at common law is generally considered to have been established in Tweddle v Atkinson. ... A contract between A and B may, in addition to creating contractual obligations between the parties, impos...

• Word Count: 7776
• Approx Pages: 31
• Has Bibliography

Austin: Positivist Identity of law: what makes the law the law Law (is) = Rules + (issued by a) Sovereignty. ... Only rules of positive law are laws. ... Natural law provides a criteria for deriving and evaluating laws in a legal system. ... Laws may be unjust also. But, he says that the circumstance may demand that an unjust law be follwed as disobedience leads to weakening the legal system. ...

• Word Count: 7680
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: High School

He was charged with two statutory offences and one common law offence. ... THE HEARSAY ISSUE ISSUE Should the hearsay evidence be admitted in terms of s 3 (c) of the Law of Amendment Act RULE OF LAW Under the rule of law section, statutes that are appropriate and that apply to this case would be discussed and listed as well as other cases that have some relevance to this case. ... STATUTE This rule of law points out to the court the conditions under which it can give discretion to admit hearsay evidence. Section 3 of the Law of Evidence Amendment Act , 3. Hearsay Evidence. ...

• Word Count: 5729
• Approx Pages: 23
• Grade Level: High School

Suicide is a heartfelt issue no matter where it strikes but it's also not a very popular topic in the law enforcement and police culture. ... Suicides can happen in any profession, but they occur 1.5 times more frequently in law enforcement compared to the general population. Law enforcement officers kill themselves at a rate of 18/100,000 vs. 12/100,000 of the rest of the US.  ... Research has shown police officers tend to be very personally invested in their professional role as law enforcement officers. ... ("The Wire," 2/25) Police officers swiftly see how criminal justi...

• Word Count: 3091
• Approx Pages: 12

This canon provide the guidance to which judges interpret the laws. ... Judges can use their discretion to interpret the laws that already exist, as long as the interpretation does not oppose with the language of the existing law. ... If the state or the federal administration passes a law, then it's called statutory law, which judges are compelled to follow, although when the law it's not clear they can interpret it. However they can interpret a law, judges cannot use their discretion to overruled statutory laws. ... There are other circumstances where the law is fair but the facts ...

• Word Count: 2655
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One of the Nazi regime's most powerful tools at destroying it's domestic opposition was by taking away civil rights and freedoms, through laws passed through the Reichstag, and the severe, brutal, and strict enforcement of these laws by the SA, SS, and Gestapo. ... The law, which over saw this transformation, was called the Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich. ... It was officially called the Law for Removing the Distress of the People and the Reich. ... The Nazis had secretly caused confusion in order to create an atmosphere in which the law seems necessary to restore order. ......

• Word Count: 3341
• Approx Pages: 13

The God of Small Things, talks about the unjust treatment of untouchables, which is the lowest class in the societal hierarchy of India. ... Although, she touches upon the effects of Marxism and communist parties present at that time along with the "anglophile" fever that fled, the most significant concern of this novel stands to be the "love laws." Anyone who breaks these love laws, a rebel, has no future and place in the society. Ironically enough, Roy presents her protagonists to be breaking the love laws as they believe in the "small world'' free of all laws and norms. ... Later,...

• Word Count: 4267
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The death penalty has also been imposed for such serious crimes as armed robbery, kidnapping, rape [or] treason. ( Zimring, 1994, P.1 )But who is really being unjust in this situation? ... Even though almost everything and everybody speaks against capital punishment, people still believe, those who commit violent crimes should be punished to the fullest extend of law, which capital punishment basically is. ... (C) The Catholic religion believes that it unjust to solve a crime of violence with violence. ... support the death penalty laws. ...

• Word Count: 2542
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

King vowed that until the Negro members of society were granted the same rights as the white man he would continue to violate those laws which were morally unjust in an attempt to bring about justice stating that "It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. ... King implies that until the morally unjust laws cease to be thrust upon generations of Negros they cannot be satisfied, laws will not be granted authority until moral factors are considered for all races. ... Wallace also implied that without the authoritative power those laws would cease to be laws and the...

• Word Count: 2706
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The issues surrounding abortion strike questions based on ethics, morals, emotions, and law. ... People who are pro-choice believe that women hold the right to abort a pregnancy, but people who are pro-life believe that abortion is wrong and unjust to the fetus. ... The amendment states that, "No person or state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law" (475 US Constitution). ... Although the law has set boundaries on when a fetus should be considered a citizen, there are people who believe that life starts before birth no matter wh...

• Word Count: 7565
• Approx Pages: 30
• Grade Level: High School

Using this outline of love and non-violence, which is a modification and combination of Jesus and Gandhi's beliefs, King assembled a group to contest the laws in Birmingham, Alabama. ... "Eight local clergy published a letter referring to King and his fellow civil rights activists as outsiders, calling the protests unwise and untimely' and praising law enforcement, in particular, on the calm manner in which these demonstrations have been handled."" ... "A just law is a ...

• Word Count: 3098
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

After that she studied law with her father, who was a New York Supreme Court Judge. ... It was at this first convention that Stanton delivered the Speech the "Declaration of Sentiments" which addressed the grievances that women had suffered under the "unjust government of men". ... Among the causes that she advocated are as follows: coeducation, girls" sports, job training, equal wages, labor unions, birth control, cooperative nurseries and kitchens, property rights for wives, child custody rights for mothers, and reform of divorce laws (Wood 67). ...

• Word Count: 3262
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

After that she studied law with her father, who was a New York Supreme Court Judge. ... It was at this first convention that Stanton delivered the Speech the "Declaration of Sentiments" which addressed the grievances that women had suffered under the "unjust government of men". ... Among the causes that she advocated are as follows: coeducation, girls" sports, job training, equal wages, labor unions, birth control, cooperative nurseries and kitchens, property rights for wives, child custody rights for mothers, and reform of divorce laws (Wood 67). ...

• Word Count: 3335
• Approx Pages: 13

However, what angered Rua the most as seen though his resistance in the First World War, was the way that the Crown had separate laws for Maori and Pakeha, reinforcing not only how the crown neglected the Treaty, but also how they discriminated against Maori. ... However, the value that Rua campaigned the most for was equality between Maori and Pakeha as shown though his motto 'one law for two people.' ... The government's unjust treatment of Maori regarding land as well as Te Kooti and the Tuhoe tribe, as highlighted by the scorched earth policy furthered Rua's antagoni...

• Word Count: 2754
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The killing or wounding of enemy combatants falls under the natural law idea of self-defense. ... The military property of one's enemy can be confiscated or destroyed just as one can do so against an unjust aggressor. ... In the language of the Nuremberg prosecutors, aggressive leaders who launch unjust wars commit "crimes against peace." What constitutes a just or unjust resort to armed force is disclosed to us by the rules of jus ad bellum. ...

• Word Count: 7503
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography

Given this absolute freedom, Hobbes believed that until the state of war was brought to an end, and a civil society formed with a sovereign power, there would be no such thing as justice or morality: "In Such a Warre, Nothing Is Unjust to this warre of every man against every man, this also is consequent; that nothing can be Unjust. ... Where there is no common Power, there is no Law: where no Law, no Injustice. ... The first law of nature addresses the fear that causes natural man to seek peace in order to escape the state of nature. The conclusion drawn by Hobbes in the first law of natu...

• Word Count: 4512
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Also, for these few who are not Christian or those who merely choose to ignore God's will, is secular law the best solution? According to Luther, "By such externally imposed law [non-Christians] would be compelled to desist from evil, and would be hedged about by outward law and government, and subjected to authority" (Luther 9). In essence, the secular Sword and laws are set forth for the unjust not the just. ... He needs no law of man, only the law of love and nature, to set his path aright and to live in the service of God. ... Peace cannot exist in the state of war born out of th...

• Word Count: 2524
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Corruption angered the people of those days, it is stated that, "Christian thought had penetrated deep and irradiated government, law, education, the structure of society, even trade and war. " (Brewer 262) In the medieval time period there were not only corruptions in the church but in the government's legal system as well. This frustrated the people because it made everything unjust whether it was through the church, government, or society. ...

• Word Count: 2604
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

The ruler, therefore, is justified in doing whatever is necessary to maintain the country, even if it is unjust. On the other hand, Plato argues a ruler can never be unjust. ... Like the jurists, he sees the generality and the impartiality of the law as the basis of civil life. ... The law is therefore necessary, and once it is in place, it must be obeyed without allowing for privileges or discriminations. ... "This violation of legality would have caused fear and mistrust in the efficacy of the law to provide for adequate protection. ...

• Word Count: 4508
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Latin: Legum Baccalaureus which is an undergraduate degree in law.) ... It was the campaign's goal to be civically disobedient against six of the unjust laws. ... It was a two-year diploma in law that allowed Mandela to open the first South African black law firm. ... They needed something more, something new, something that would end the unjust laws of apartheid. ...

• Word Count: 2652
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The principle of self-determination according to some scholars represents the obligation to an individual's autonomy "So long as any change is peaceful and orderly, consistent with standard liberals rights and does not involve any unjust taking of territory or unfair terms of separation. " On the other hand, collective force theory constitutes of a coalition of parties within one organization. ... Indeed, much of the international law governing the jurisdiction of states is premised upon it. ... While classical international law restricts the rights of states to act within the territory...

• Word Count: 2503
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The principle of self-determination according to some scholars represents the obligation to an individual's autonomy "So long as any change is peaceful and orderly, consistent with standard liberals rights and does not involve any unjust taking of territory or unfair terms of separation. " On the other hand, collective force theory constitutes of a coalition of parties within one organization. ... Indeed, much of the international law governing the jurisdiction of states is premised upon it. ... While classical international law restricts the rights of states to act within the territory...

• Word Count: 2503
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

But, laws drafted in the head of public passion often have unintended effects..." ... Many feel the only way to curb ones activity is to insist by the three strikes law. ... (Westerman 1) The author writes that opponents of the law claim that the majority of criminal sentenced under this law have been convicted on nonviolent crimes, like marijuana possession or petty theft. ... In addition, Westerman writes "in 1996, the California Supreme Court held that trial judges have the discretion to ignore any prior conviction they determined would unjustly qualify the criminal for the 25-too-life sen...

• Word Count: 2677
• Approx Pages: 11