Fears that the shift of power from centralized one-party system system to multi-party democracy might turn into bloody revolution proved unfounded owing to the presence on both sides, the Communist Party and the democratic opposition, of peacefully-minded reformists committed to a peaceful solution, while the Catholic Church managed to cool down some militant opposition fractions. ... The June election produced a Sejm (lower house), in which one-third of the seats went to communists and one-third went to the two parties which had hitherto been their coalition partners. The remaining one-third ...

• Word Count: 2078
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The parties will consult together whenever, in opinion of any of them, the territorial integrity, political independence or security of any of the parties is threatened. Article 5: The parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all; and consequently they agree that if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self - defiance recognized by Article 51 of the charter of the United Nations, will assist the party or parties to attack by taking forthwith, i...

• Word Count: 1712
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On December 25 1991, when Mikhal Gorbatchev announced his resignation as the general secretary of the communist party, the USSR ceased to exist. ... Evidently, a nation in which more than a third of the population is poor does not constitute the best location to inhabit. ... In conclusion, it is evident that the United States of America is not the country where we should want to spend the rest of our life, because there is no public health care, more than a third of the population is poor and there are a lot of social problems in Uncle Sam's nation. Moreover, with a member of the ...

• Word Count: 661
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

The man is escorted out and where he is killed by party members. ... The party demanded that Solomon retract his poem because the communist party believes that Marxs ideas were uninfluenced by previous ideas and theories. ... By refusing the accept party believes, Solomon was blacklisted. ... The party uses the newspaper to expose him for being an ex-communist party member, making it nearly impossible for him to keep a job. ... Fowler now understands that Pyle is not a medical aid but a member of the CIA, with the task of advising the Third Force and suppling General The with supplies necessar...

• Word Count: 1902
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

After World War II many Third World countries in Latin America seemed to have some interest in the political system of the Soviets. ... While in Nicaragua a communist party was gaining power due to the dictatorship of Somoza Garcí which initiated two years after the assassination of General Augusto César Sandino in 1934. ... On 1931 "on the shores of Lake Ilopango, a small group of workers and intellectuals formed the Communist Party of El Salvador. The new members of this newly formed party often used smart tactics in their speeches, they talked about how the system in the So...

• Word Count: 1200
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

He was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in March 1985. ... But not only the former leaders of the USSR were too old, many of the Party members where over 65! ... When Gorbachev came to power he knew that the USSR spent 25% more on weapons and defence system than the US, he wanted to decrease the spent on weapons and defence, because out of it the people of the USSR had a Third World standard of housing, health, transport and living standard in general. ... Also the corruption within the Party led to power struggles and mistrust. ...

• Word Count: 1290
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Stalin's revolutionary career began in 1899, when he joined the Social-Democratic party as a propagandist among Tbilisi railroad workers. ... Unlike the intellectual party members, his contribution to the cause was practical, not theoretical. ... Stalin edited briefly the new party newspaper, Pravda (Truth) and at Lenin's erge wrote his first major work, Marxism and the Nationality Question. ... Until Lenin arrived in April, Stalin and Lev Kamenev dominated all party decisions. ... Nevertheless, Stalin was re-elected to the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party on April 27, 19...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Industrialisation was the primary goal of Lenin and Stalin, as well as many communist party members. ... The five-year plans presented an opportunity to Stalin to glorify him at the foundations of the communist party. ... The N.E.P had created a large amount of friction within the party at all levels and this was beginning to cause problems for the USSR. ... It is true that the plans bought huge amounts of glory to Stalin as well as securing his ultimate power within the party, but this glory was justified by the revitalising effects of industrialisation on the soviet people and the communist ...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In order to begin his revolution he ensured there were no objections to him as leader through the elimination of party leaders such as: Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev. After successfully removing the opposition the communist party led by Stalin launched a major revolution through the next decade that did not end until every class and member of society was suppressed. ... As a result of this all members of the communist party were of the agreement that industrialisation was a necessity. ... The second five year plan brought in from 1933-1938 placed an emphasis on transport and consumer goods and...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Soviets brought the Communist Party in control and the French did not allow the formation of parties at all in their zone. In contrast to that USA and Britain assisted the development of a whole range of parties.2 In November 1946 the head of the American occupation forces Lucius D. ... Every country in Western Europe was afraid of a Soviet takeover.9 Not even the USA wanted to risk a war with them in 1948 and when it came to the Berlin Blockade the world was in fear of a third world war. ... A third world war would have been possible if the Soviets had reacted more aggressively or Ameri...

• Word Count: 2360
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Arms control is arguably one of the most prominent issues every nation of the world has to deal with, this is because every man woman and child on the planet may potentially be affected by the arms another country posses. In today's society more than ever the worry over the nuclear capability of countries is at the foreground of debate, some countries possess weapons of mass destruction a thousand times more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the most notorious of which are the USA and the Soviet Union. These two countries became the s...

• Word Count: 2631
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A third factor of this theory is that democracies are more susceptible to viewing countries with similar governing styles and policies as peaceful, as oppose to as a threat. ... Vietnam ruled by the Vietnamese Communist Party, the only legal political party in the country. Decisions and laws are made solely by the Party, with the general public having absolutely no power in the decision-making process. ...

• Word Count: 1669
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He described the efforts of the parties to the nuclear power negotiation to reach a conclusion that will bring lasting peace to all. However, the negotiation that started a while ago is being faced with so many challenges as all parties are yet to reach a lucid conclusion suitable to all. ... The third possible outcome is that Iran can go ahead against all adversaries to test the weapon which both the United States and Israel have absolutely declared unacceptable although the writer points out a fact that if Iran does, all other states will move on eventually as they have always done in the pa...

• Word Count: 1070
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some may question this theory on the basis of not knowing what the party being influenced would do in the absence of the actor that has power. ... First, competition, secondly diffidence, third glory" (Betts, 48). ... Furthermore, if there is no threat of retaliation on behalf of the injured party the aggressor would naturally seek to obtain power for himself. ...

• Word Count: 1392
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Palmer explains: "Castro, first secretary of the Cuban Communist party, the only party permitted, ruled as a dictator. ... However, to the person growing up in a third world country, or an eastern civilization, Communism might be more attractive than their present form of government, if one exists at all. ...

• Word Count: 1396
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

.- sponsored program to secure nuclear components in the former Soviet Union has locked up a third of an estimated 600 tons of weapons-usable material. (5) In this case the material was left behind, poorly secured, when the Soviet Union collapsed. ... The mutual deterrence that existed during the cold war, because instead of two parties fighting for the world you now have numerous parties trying to defend their own interests inside of their own area. ...

• Word Count: 1452
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Like other Grand Old Party members, Reagan came into office promising to limit the power of government and to strengthen American military power overseas. ... Reagan with a goal of greater participation in the third world, the military's attention and care was soon afterward shared with the Middle East and its terrorism. ...

• Word Count: 2371
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Kennedy was assassinated before he completed his third year as President. ... Kennedy usually backed bills sponsored by his party but would sometimes show independence by voting with the Republicans. ... Despite Kennedy's wavering within his own party platform, John F. ...

• Word Count: 1882
• Approx Pages: 8

It indicates that the income significantly fell by one-third in years between 1990 and Fig.1 Graph from Harrison 1993. ... On 4 April 1985, Yeltsin received a call from Gorbachev summoning him to take up position as Head of the Construction Department of the Party's Central Committee. ...

• Word Count: 1863
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Korean War 1950-1953 was the first proxy conflict of the Cold War costing 5 million lives, 54,000 of which were American soldiers, yet it has often been described as America's, "forgotten war." Thus, eluding to the idea that it was not as significant to world affairs or security as other confli...

• Word Count: 1205
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There were three sections of power within the world, first being the United States which represented the Democratic aspect of politics, second, the Soviet Union representing the Communistic side of things, and third being the smaller independent nations between. ... Khrushchev declined the offer, but did firmly agree that in any case a nuclear war would be a disaster for both parties and that the reward would be unprofitable. ...

• Word Count: 1988
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Their defeat had a detrimental effect on the morale of the Soviet people as the mighty Red Army had been defeated by one of a third world nation. ... Within days of becoming party leader Gorbachev announced plans to restructure the economy. ...

• Word Count: 1987
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

By the 1970's, the destructive capabilities of the world's two superpowers along with an emerging third power in the nation of China, had combined to make the world a dangerously unstable place. ... S. anti-communist fervor as a backdrop, seemingly shared by both Republicans and Democrats framing an increasing distrust between the Russians and the Chinese, Kissinger saw an emerging third Superpower in a competitive communist China as an American advantage which needed to be exploited. ... Despite typical differences between parties; there was nonetheless general agreement on the main...

• Word Count: 3059
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the spring of 1992, Najibullah's government collapsed and, after 14 years of rule by the People's Democratic Party, Kabul fell to a coalition of mujahidin under the military leadership of Ahmed Shah Massoud. ... On November 9, 1989 East Germany's Communist party leader Gunter Schabowski, said that the Berlin Wall's border would be opened for "private trips abroad". ...

• Word Count: 3901
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

Third World 'defiance states' became chess pieces between the superpowers. ... Berkeley protesters became national leaders as the protests spread nationwide; more than 50,000 students, faculties and other activists from different universities traveled to Washington D.C to protest the war (Von Eschen lecture, Global Protest and Détente) From this atmosphere, two Berkeley residents formed the Black Panther, an African American revolutionary leftist party that practiced militant self-defense against U.S. government brutality, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism throu...

• Word Count: 2185
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School