Another innovation was the literacy test, supposedly designed to determine if a voter was competent to vote. ... and "Recite the Constitution," no one could pass the tests. In addition, a grandfather clause in the test requirement stated that if no one "who had voted before 1867 or who had relatives who had voted needed to take the literacy test. Of course, no blacks had voted before 1867, so they were required to take the literacy test (64) . . ." One black man actually did complete a literacy test; he recited the Constitution at the request of the testors! ...

• Word Count: 3013
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

It is a testament to the greatness of Martin Luther King Jr. that nearly every major city in the U.S. has a street or school named after him. It is a measure of how sorely his achievements are misunderstood that most of them are located in black neighborhoods. He is still regarded mainly as the black leader of a movement for black equality. Martin Luther King, Jr., (1929-1968), American clergyman and Nobel Prize winner, one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement and a prominent advocate of nonviolent protest. King's Challenges to segregation and racial discrimi...

• Word Count: 3558
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School