1. The Ad Bellum Principle
It is not permissible for a state to order its soldiers to fight a war in which there is little hope of victory. ... Though soldiers might quickly volunteer to fight and die rather than surrender to a foreign invader, one very important fact must be kept in mind – war kills not only soldiers, but potentially large amounts of citizens. ... Roughly, the ad bellum principle claims that the resort to war is permissible only if relevant expected bad effects do not exceed the relevant expected good effects. If expected bad effects exceed expected good effects, the war may be deemed disproporti...
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