Moreover, Stephens et al. (1998, p. 205) note that marxists assert that education is used to distinguish between middle and upper class workforce entrants from those of the working class. ... Such fragmentation of the workforce, notes Van Krieken at al., makes it difficult for the employees to unite against the upper reaches of the hierarchy because " control can be maintained because of the principle of divide and conquer" (2000, p. 194). ... According to Jennings and Hartman (2003, p. 88), the efforts of the feminist movement and the writings of feminist theorists have caused gender diffe...

• Word Count: 2373
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

While still noting positive theories in her analysis on Marx, the overall tone is negative and sometimes attempted in aiding the reader destructively by shining an unconstructive light on points that frequently stirred political debates between communists and capitalists. ... Considering he lived in poverty for most of his adult life because he was unable to persuade people and governments to employ his theories, he was still determined never to give in to the theories which were forced upon him and society. ... Unfortunately, the milestones that he set during his life were either small or u...

• Word Count: 1578
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Critical theorist, such as Lukacs argue that the positivistic approach in the contemporary and modern sociological theories has made ideologies more immobilizing, through the 'reification' process of culture and practices by identifying it as 'natural or naturelike', hence giving the impression that these ideologies can't be changed (Agger, 1998:82). ... The main criticism that critical theory faces is the lack of positive contributions to the society by not giving an idea on how to overcome the social ills that is present in societies (Ritzer, 2011:286). ... Why he...

• Word Count: 1843
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune. " However, this apparent atmosphere of cheerfulness and extreme satisfaction with life conditions at the farm run counter to the actual situation of the animals. ... In the same vein, in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses," (Notes Towards an Investigation, 1972) the French philosopher Louis Althusser uses a Marxist perspective to study the relationship, in the modern context, between the governed and the governor. ...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Weber notes: "when the bases of acquisition and distribution of goods are relatively stable, stratification by status is favoured. ... Thus members of complex societies must perform more specialised tasks and as a result of these tasks becoming more specialised, rewards in unequal amounts in order of importance must be given out in order to fill these positions where talents may be scarce and to give people the motivation to fill these positions in society. ...

• Word Count: 1481
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Alas, when surplus was produced, it became economical to keep slaves, thereby giving birth to slavery. ... Now, noting back to the law of negation of the negation, it can be seen that every stage of the political circle has also annulled and coveted the trappings of the previous system, as seen by the annulment of capitalism, yet coveting the wisdom, knowledge and gains of the previous societies. ...

• Word Count: 1800
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These like-minded individuals are usually lawyers from the middle and upper classes, and while the class analysis suggests that the Canadian system gives little opportunity for those born into the working class to obtain a position of political authority, it must be pointed out that in Canada there are other factors the lead to the perpetuation of the elite class. ... It is important to note, however, that even pluralists observe that the demands of different factions often compete. ...

• Word Count: 2022
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After the seventeenth century crisis of order, Europeans gradually moved towards the idea of liberal democracy and capitalism, hoping to model their society with the ideals "liberty, equality, and fraternity." While Europeans have not been fully successful in reaching their envisioned ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity the human and individual rights, equality, and violence can be examined to show the continuous movement of societies towards these goals. Upon examining these aspects of society in multiple countries, it is clearly seen that progress has been made throughout...

• Word Count: 2113
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate