Affirmative action programs encouraging gender equality in academia must be improved. Despite the many advances in women's rights, gender disparity in the workplace is still a problem in the United States. ... Minority students are further disadvantaged when applying to college, because standardized test scores are biased against them. ... For example, Finnish people are seen as inferior in Sweden, and perform poorly on tests there; however, they perform well on tests in Australia, where they are not discriminated against. ... Relying heavily on standardized test scores in the admissions...

• Word Count: 1760
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To have a set number of minorities to hire isn't advocated excepts where a court of law has unmistakable evidence convicting someone of racial or gender discrimination. ... Once implemented businesses and schools were to select students or employers strictly on qualifications not race or gender. At first this sounded like a very good plan but as time passed affirmative action almost became an unfair advantage for minorities, employers where hiring and accepting minorities strictly based on race or gender not their qualifications. ... Bakke's test scores and interview rating was hi...

• Word Count: 915
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography

The Supreme Court's Bakke decision in 1978 ruled numerical goals and quotas regarding ethnicity and gender illegal . ... In 1994 the Los Angeles Fire Department refused five thousand white men from taking their qualifying test because the department had not yet met its minority and gender hiring goals . ... It is not fair to qualify someone due to the color of his or her skin, ethnic background, or gender. ... No person shall receive special pension because of their ethnicity, gender, or race. ... Also admittance into schools will be based upon the students academic profile as opposed to ...

• Word Count: 1269
• Approx Pages: 5

Gender Equality or Reverse Discrimination: Title IX: Under Review. ... In 1996 the OCR issued its Clarification of Intercollegiate Athletics Policy Guidelines, a three-part test to ensure that institutions are in compliance with Title IX. ... We now know, for example, that gender is a poor predictor of one's interests, proficiency in academic subjects, or athletic ability. ... For this reason, its existence is necessary and requires a greater effort to enforce gender equity for continued progress. ... The commission plans to ask for major changes in how the federal law is regulated...

• Word Count: 3417
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography

Its sole purpose is to give disadvantaged students a chance at achieving their full potential by not only focusing on their grades and test scores. ... Most affirmative action students have lower GPAs and test scores than non affirmative students, this makes it harder for them to thrive in such competitive environments. At the University of San Diego, affirmative action students had GPAs that were 0.30 points lower than other students and tests scores that were 200 points below White students (Rose 263). ... Affirmative action should be a temporary program that will later evolve into an equal ...

• Word Count: 821
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There is still evidence of "non-traditional affirmative action" practices in various aspects of American society, American schools, clubs, and even minority and gender biased organizations. ... Race, gender, religion, ethnicity, sexual preference, socio-economic status, standardized test scores, lineage and disability. ... Throughout the life span of our young country there have been millions of unjust incidences of discrimination, wrong doings and even cases of murder, that were based on the color of one's skin, gender, religion, sexual orientation and other characteristic's of pe...

• Word Count: 1145
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In an effort by the city to help ensure a fair testing process compliant with Title VII Civil Rights act they hired a professional testing company, IO Solutions, Inc. to design and administer a race neutral examination process. ... Out of the top ten scores on the test eight were white, and two were hispanic. ... As stated in the text Multicultural Law Enforcement Strategies for Peacekeeping in a Diverse Society, fifth edition: Recruiting officers who reflect the gender, racial, ethnic, and sexual orientation, demographics of the community is one important challenge for law enforcement agen...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the work force today many women are overlooked and pushed aside because of their gender. ... So in many times bosses are not discriminating because of race or gender but of pure power. ... Many issues that minority members must deal with in race and gender do not play apart anymore. ... There are people in the world in which will do almost anything to have a chance for their dreams to become a reality, but because of their race or gender this is an unachievable task. ...

• Word Count: 4281
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

Smith Advanced English II: Social Criticism Essay September 18, 2003 Affirmative Action The fourteenth amendment to the constitution guarantees equal rights to all people regardless of things such as our gender, religion, age, or race; how, then, is it lawful for colleges to determine who may attend their school based on skin color? ... In addition to GPA and achievement tests, students can score points for things like being a resident of the state in which the college is located, being related to an alumni of that school, having won a competition, or being a scholarship athlete. ...

• Word Count: 621
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

It is more important that they are highly qualified than reflecting racial and gender balance. ... Given that an exceptional performance on standardized testing is required to get into a post secondary institution, without access to the same academic resources minority groups are at a disadvantage. ...

• Word Count: 648
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To know the only reason you were accepted was because of your race or gender can damage anyone's mind state. Known as "stereotype threat" which is "how racial and gender stereotypes, floating and abstract though they might seem, can affect concrete things, like grades, test scores, and academic identity" (Steele 211). ... The problem is it is no longer race or gender that is creating an unequal America but their social class. ... Affirmative action does nothing to make people equal to one another but actually makes others considered to be more valuable based on ethnicity and gender. ...

• Word Count: 1483
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

Duke Power Company (1971), the Court determined that tests used for employing must be related to job performance if they have a negative impact on minorities. ... The school twice had rejected him, while several minority students with test scores that were significantly lower than his had been admitted. ... The country was in turmoil over racial and gender issues, and Bush had recently come under criticism for appointing to the Supreme Court, a judge whom had been accused of sexual harassment. ...

• Word Count: 1839
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this case, the Duke Power Company required employees to have a high school diploma and pass a written test for advancement. ... It was communicated by the court that the intent was not to "preclude the use of testing or measuring procedures, but it does proscribe giving them controlling force unless they are demonstrably a reasonable measure of job performance". This statement allows for the fact that there are requirements and tests directly applicable to jobs, and that it was not the intent of the court to make these illegal. ... A motivation by companies, aside from legal aspects, is ...

• Word Count: 2301
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

I must admit, we managed to come up with a diverse group of students without even taking race or gender into account. ... This is also helpful in preparing the child for standardized testing which is a requirement for admittance to college. The questions on these standardized tests usually favor those coming from an upper class or upper middle class background. ...

• Word Count: 1110
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

The tests aren't able to measure the "stature and potential of an individual" such as what obstacles they have had to overcome or what their life experiences have been. In addition, proponents of affirmative action, like David Broder, claim that the diversity achieved through such programs allows blacks and whites and all people for that matter " to engage in educational discourse and join one another in testing the rigors of the mind." ... Shouldn't we all instead be fighting for a "color-blind society" that judges on merit and qualifications rather than race and gender. ...

• Word Count: 926
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the Gifted and Talented Programs, minority children are often overlooked when nominations are made to these programs because they perform poorly on IQ and achievement tests. ... She boasted a 3.8 grade point average and a high Law School Aptitude Test score. ... The University of California Berkley School of Law admitted every black with a grade point average of 3.5 and Law School Admission Test of ninety or above, but only 42% of whites with equally scores were admitted. UCLA School of Medicine accepted twenty-seven blacks while admitting no whites or Asians with GPA's of 3.24 ...

• Word Count: 2502
• Approx Pages: 10

What seemed like the norm in business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude test, prevented total equality in employment. ... Since Proposition 209 made it illegal to consider race or gender in admissions, the number of African Americans in the freshman class dropped 51%, Chicano/Latinos dropped 43%, and American Indians fell 39% at Cal Berkeley alone. ... Since affirmative action gave preference not only on race but also on gender basis, women were affected. ...

• Word Count: 1910
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A general definition of this guiding principle of diversity is, " any effort taken to fully integrate our society by expanding educational, employment, and contracting opportunities to the multitude of gender, ethnic, national origin, and handicapped-condition groups that have been and remain locked out of full economic, social, and/or political participation in our country." ... Eventually, the Thirteenth (the outlaw of slavery and servitude), Fourteenth (provide due process and equal protection under the law), Fifteenth (prohibits denial of voting rights because of race), and Nineteenth (pro...

• Word Count: 3796
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The National Assessment of Educational Progress, a series of national standardize tests, evaluates students on their proficiency in reading, writing and science. ... In other words, when co-workers have information that clearly describes an individual's job qualifications, they should be less likely to assume that he or she was hired solely on race or gender"(1998). ... With a white male dominated workforce, negative public perceptions, and low self-esteem of applicants, affirmative action offers a solution for race and gender equity. ...

• Word Count: 2762
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The National Assessment of Educational Progress, a series of national standardize tests, evaluates students on their proficiency in reading, writing and science. ... In other words, when co-workers have information that clearly describes an individual's job qualifications, they should be less likely to assume that he or she was hired solely on race or gender(1998). ... With a white male dominated workforce, negative public perceptions, and low self-esteem of applicants, affirmative action offers a solution for race and gender equity. ...

• Word Count: 2762
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This young man looks at the average statistics of minority students and sees that the test scores are incredibly low along with their GPA's. ... It also found a gap between genders among blacks. ...

• Word Count: 1177
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

I believe that affirmative action is necessary when a qualified person loses an opportunity to advance socially, politically or economically due to race, gender, or socioeconomic status. ... Blacks admitted into elite institutions have high test scores when compared to the other applicants. ...

• Word Count: 1454
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Minorities being seen identified and tested on solely their group of skin color, rather than their individual contributions, causing much stigmatization among them (Wilkins.) ... It is important that every race and gender is represented equally and treated fairly, which was indeed the goal of affirmative action. ...

• Word Count: 1605
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It became apparent that certain business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude tests, prevented total equality in employment. ... The state of California, in 1996, proposed an initiative, Proposition 209, " to end all racial, ethnic, and gender preferences in the awarding of university admissions, jobs, and government contracts in the state,"(Patterson 164). ...

• Word Count: 2038
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It became apparent that certain business traditions, such as seniority status and aptitude tests, prevented total equality in employment. ... The state of California, in 1996, proposed an initiative, Proposition 209, " to end all racial, ethnic, and gender preferences in the awarding of university admissions, jobs, and government contracts in the state,"(Patterson 164). ...

• Word Count: 2038
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate