In the twelfth century England, when the Assize was first introduced, unlike the modern-day jury, the jury was just a tool for the king; the earliest recorded juries were employed to be as mere recognitors (juror impanelled on an assize to hold a recognition in England in the period following the Norman Conquest)6, providing local knowledge, acting as witnesses and gathering information, rather than making decisions like it is now. ... Since then, Vaughan ruled that a jury could not be punished simply on account of the verdict it returned, but that individual jurors could still be punished if...

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