The neo-realist theory in International Relations is often simplistically defined as a state-centric theory, specially if considered relatively to other theories. ... In other words, "the fundamental unit in the system is the sovereign state. ... For Waltz, the system is self-constituting and self-reproducing, and therefore destined not to end. ... International forces have helped create different main types of states in the international system- (Søresen 2001: 11). ... At this point multipolarity seemed to be still valid, but the international system showed itself to be profoundly differ...

• Word Count: 2336
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

First, the hegemonic stability theory itself. ... Lastly, how the hegemonic stability theory really applies to the rise of China. ... This theory is closely related to the long cycle theory (Modelski 40), which is a cycle consisting of four different phases: global war, world power, delegitimation, and deconcentration. ... So coming out of WWII, the two countries were together in a bipolar system which caused the Cold War. Eventually, the fall of the Soviet Union left the United States in a unipolar system and we were able to start leading the world in the way that we wanted to with the spre...

• Word Count: 1453
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

The Gorbachev era – a period of time, which has been the reason for many controversial theories, raised debatable questions and still, more than 25 years after this time has passed, the consequences of Gorbachev's ruling are still pending under consideration. ... Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev is a product of a system that does not encourage radical innovations or reforms, nor open-to-democracy-minded people. ... " 4 As noted, the present economic, social and political system of the USSR is a product of development over a sixty-year span. ... The Soviet system should be refo...

• Word Count: 1300
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Stalin and Stalinism Stalinism is an everyday term for the political and economic system implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. This system is an extreme case of totalitarianism. The foundations of Stalin's theory were: socialism in one country, and aggravation of the class struggle along with the development of socialism. Building on Lenin's work, Stalin expanded the centralized bureaucratic system of the Soviet Union during the 1930s. ... During this period, Stalin advanced the policy of building socialism in one country, in contrast to Trotsky's theory of perman...

• Word Count: 1356
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It proved that Communism in Eastern Europe was just a theory that did not work in reality. Originally, Karl Marx invented the theory of Communism. ... However, Lenin and Stalin modified Marx's theory of Communism, which altered the actually meaning of the theory. ... Private ownership was not allowed; instead, the government imposed the system of collectivization of agriculture. ... Also, school fees were, once again, introduced to the school system. ...

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We should also take into account that there are several different theories and ways of looking at the origins of the Cold War. Some would put the blame entirely on the Soviet Union and argue that the Cold War was the result of its aggression - that is the Orthodox theory. ... That would be the view of the West in the support of the Orthodox theory. ... Both sides wanted their values and economic and political systems to prevail in areas which their soldiers had helped to liberate. ... Two superpowers with a completely different ideology, economic and political systems would probably have that ...

• Word Count: 1778
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In Hungary, the Communist government initiated reforms in 1989 that led to the sanctioning of a multiparty system and competitive elections. ... With the Tsarist autocracy, and the highly ineffective provisional government of Kerensky in the recent memory of the people of Russia, Lenin found a receptive audience for his theories. The fact that the reality of life in Russia under War Communism' (food requisitioning and tight control of almost every facet of life) differed greatly from his ideas had little effect, for everything was explicable under Marxist-Leninist theory. ... It underwen...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Consequently between 1921 and 1990 it had an economic system which reflected the Soviet's control : it had a centralized, socialist political system and an economy based on central planning and collectivization. ... The attempt to replace the centralized, collectivized economic system with a free market economy was (and continues to be) fraught with difficulties. ... The attempt at transforming the Mongolian economy was based on global modernization theory. When applied to Mongolia the modernization theory deemed that Mongolia's pastoralists (and typical of traditional socie...

• Word Count: 2388
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Marx's theory became Lenin's doctrine and Stalin's creative justification. ... He then solidified his power in the Party by proposing a policy later known as Stalinism, a theory that sanctioned an unlimited and no longer temporary Soviet dictatorship with the radical intent of employing Socialism in a single country. ... "Stalin inherited a system that resorted to violence and brutality and extended and deepened it." ... Regardless of the prematurity, Stalin's Plan was consistent with the Bolshevik theory that Socialism required a statized and centrally planned economy,...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

But since the demise of socialist system in 1991 and then the triumph of liberal capitalism as well as the western-style democracy, the post-Cold War claimed that liberal democracy lays foundation for a new world order led by the U.S. hegemony which aligns democracy with the western emphasis on "civil and political right". ... Besides, I would like to represent this view through the concepts of feminist theories and together with whether women and girls really have a freedom to choose everything on their own. Feminist theories claim that women are oppressed in a multiplicity of ways that de...

• Word Count: 1344
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

With that being said, I intend to devote the first two parts of my essay to applying a Marxist reading to this passage using the theories of Michele Foucault and of Louis Althusser; while in the last part, I will attempt to draw a parallel between the actual sociopolitical situation in the farm and that in the Soviet Union after the Bolshevik Revolution and under the rule of Joseph Stalin. ... The latter, for him, makes use of ideology as a mediator between individuals and the system of power. ... Althusser's theory can be applied to the sociopolitical situation in the farm. ... To sum ...

• Word Count: 1473
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

Marx's theory became Lenin's doctrine and Stalin's creative justification. ... He then solidified his power in the Party by proposing a policy later known as Stalinism, a theory that sanctioned an unlimited and no longer temporary Soviet dictatorship with the radical intent of employing Socialism in a single country. ... "Stalin inherited a system that resorted to violence and brutality and extended and deepened it." ... Regardless of the prematurity, Stalin's Plan was consistent with the Bolshevik theory that Socialism required a statized and centrally planned economy,...

• Word Count: 1533
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The roots of the Russian Revolution are to be sought in the arbitrary, autocratic, and repressive czarist political and social system that evolved in the 16th - 18th century. ... The people wanted to reform the system if they could not they wanted to finish them completely. There were many revolutionary groups each planning to destroy the old system to put in new ideas instead. ... Another was that inadequate railroads and transport system and an under developed industry, Russia severely strained its resources by supporting military needs. ... According to the Communist theory, the people we...

• Word Count: 1424
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As well, all of the nations involved shared the common goals of implementing democratic systems of government and moving to market economies. ... According to theories of modernization, the higher the levels of socioeconomic achievement, the greater the pressure for open competition and, ultimately, democracy. ... Due to their longtime adherence to communist policies, these nations faced great difficulty in making the transition to a pluralist system as well as a market economy. ... With such problems as these to contend with in re-engineering their entire economic and politic...

• Word Count: 1707
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

This will be achieved by applying the framework of greed and grievances to both parties and in depth system- level analysis. After that, Alternative theories will be taken into consideration and analyzed for significance. ... The correlation between this historic line of conflict and the first Chechen war can be explained using the theory of greed versus grievance. This theory explains the cause of civil war through two pinnacles; greed and grievance. ...

• Word Count: 2137
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Orwell uses the farm in an allegorical manner to symbolise the Communist system. ... This could well be Orwell's attempt to criticise Stalin whom many consider to be someone who totally ignored Marx's political and social theory. ... This lower class were naturally drawn to Stalin because it seemed as if they would benefit most from the new system-almost like a new way of life with something to strive for. ...

• Word Count: 1258
• Approx Pages: 5

After the Bolsheviks or proletariat won the Marxist theory of class war, they did not know where to go with the country. ... His system, now known as Stalinism, was a political regime that claimed to apply the ideas of Marx and Lenin in ways that fit the ever-altering needs of society, and it oversaw the transition of socialism in the 1920's to the rapid industrialization of the Five Year Plans. This system brought great success to Russia and allowed for Stalin to take complete control of the USSR. However, his system already had a foundation in Lenin's work in the Russia prior to hi...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Yeltsin's Regime and the New Russia When the Russian Federation became an independent state at the end of 1991, many presumed that the Yeltsin regime would be able to establish a "democratic- political system and a "capitalist- economic system in a relatively short period of time. ... The powerful interaction and fusion between politics and economics that characterized the state socialist system created a situation that was unique for the successor states of the Soviet Union. ... Lenin's own interpretation of the Marxian theory was that if Communism was to be achieved, then ther...

• Word Count: 1541
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Communism is a political theory about leading a society to equality. ... Karl Marx, who founded the idea of communism, had a theory that socioeconomic systems are holding human societies' progress through class struggle: a conflict between ownership class and laboring class. ...

• Word Count: 1564
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Swain has rightly commented, "Nothing has so completely challenged orthodox theories, since the French revolutionists overthrew the Bourbons. ... The Revolution threw a challenge to the values of western culture, the fundamental principles of trade and industry, the well-established systems of government, the social, economic and political institutions and the methods of diplomacy. ...

• Word Count: 1340
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

While this could be construed as a bad thing, many nuclear powers do not adhere to the old "us and them" theory. ... The amounts of material are usually small, less than a kilogram. (6) Many smugglers are caught every year. (5) We do not know what is missing, where it might be heading, or the whereabouts of the material that we do have. (7) When the Soviet Union fell lots of nuclear material was left with out protection. (1) In many incidents, the breakdown in the legal and police systems has led to such incidents as visiting American officials to a Russian nuclear plant being asked openly i...

• Word Count: 1452
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

This system of rationing was class-based so the labourers received the largest rations, whereas porfessionals and middle classes were given the bare minimum for survival. ... It was always the Bolsheviks" aim to overthrow the Tsarist regime and abolish the class system that existed within Russia. ... The main principles of Marxism were the idea of class struggle; the tensions between the proletariat who are exploited by the bourgeoisie in the capitalist system. ...

• Word Count: 2081
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Most films around this time were based on the Soviet Montage Theory in which transitions between scenes did not follow the Classical Hollywood style of flowing together easily. ... Vertov and the Communist government sought to instill a theory of fairness for all by injecting the communism principles into everyday matters. ... Cinematography was the most technologically advanced entertainment system at the time. ...

• Word Count: 2028
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They wanted a system of government that was democratic, such as the one used in Britain, this meant an elected parliament shared power with the monarch. ... The theory said that it was the time to start another revolution but Bolsheviks disagreed with the timing, and were later to be proved right. ...

• Word Count: 2288
• Approx Pages: 9