Machiavellian theory derives from the unrest of the citizens and the need for princes to squash rebellion by whatever means possible. ... Later in this same century, Martin Luther began publishing his own theories on how political systems should be constructed. ... The problem with this theory, and Luther addresses this himself, is that the population is not made up entirely of Christians. ... He moved back to Machiavelli's notion of the nature of man, but then extended that theory into what he called the "state of nature". ... According to Locke's design for an efficient and just p...

• Word Count: 2524
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Theories, hypothesizes, and explanations were plentiful and very diverse. ... Cartesian coordinate system is used for graphing equations and geometric shapes. Modern maps use the grid system that can be traced back to Descartes. ... Most of the liberal social, economic, and ethical theory of the 18th century was rooted in Locke's social-contract theories. ... In his ethical system, God was the way to perfection. ...

• Word Count: 3568
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography

He was frustrated with the undergraduate system then. ... His whole political theory is based on his perception of human nature. He did believe in Hobbes's, 'means satisfy the ends' theory but only to a certain extent. ... He might seem to be straightforward but he adds to his philosophy a theory of morals which could be really confusing. ... It is mentioned above that his theories could get confusing, or more like overlapping. ...

• Word Count: 7056
• Approx Pages: 28
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

English philosopher Thomas Hobbes's novel Leviathan (1651), John Locke's The Second Treasite of Government (1690), and Genevian philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality (1755) political theories and ideologies held an immense influence on the shaping of governmental systems and society in Europe and America. ... Thus the purpose of this paper is to discuss the similarities and differences between the three modern philosopher's arguments on man within the state of nature and how that came to determine the political theories and implications for social rela...

• Word Count: 3200
• Approx Pages: 13

With the decline of the Federalists the United States was, in practice if not in theory, a one-party state on the national level; heading the Democratic-Republicans, Monroe secured all but one electoral vote in 1820. ... For realism, theory consists in ascertaining facts and giving them meaning through reason. ... It follows that while ethics in the abstract judges the moral qualities of motives, political theory must judge the political qualities of intellect, will, and action. ... Hence, it is no argument against the theory here presented that actual foreign policy does not or cannot live...

• Word Count: 4234
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction EDWARD B. MCLEAN Western man's pursuit of liberty has been constant. Indeed, the concept of liberty is central to Western political thought and history. The following essays, which were the first of the Goodrich Lecture Series at Wabash College, examine the concept of liberty as it has been understood from antiquity through the twentieth century. Since they were delivered, some of the essays have been modified, but the original thrust of the lecture series has been preserved. ...

• Word Count: 2975
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Any form of government, including republican or popular government, which does not fulfill the requirements of civil and political life is either a tyranny or a corrupt republic- that is, the two worst calamities that can befall a people" Essentially, tyranny under this theory involves the absence of the rule of law. ...

• Word Count: 4508
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He substitutes for the co-ordination of the legislative, the executive, and the judicial authorities, a system in which the legislative power, or Sovereign, is always supreme, the executive, or government, always secondary and derivative, and the judicial power merely a function of government. ... The focus of Rousseau's theory of Sovereignty that offers the most difficulty is his view that, for every State, a Legislator is necessary (Book II: VII). We shall understand the section only by realizing that the legislator is, in fact, in Rousseau's system, the spirit of institutions pers...

• Word Count: 7115
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He substitutes for the co-ordination of the legislative, the executive, and the judicial authorities, a system in which the legislative power, or Sovereign, is always supreme, the executive, or government, always secondary and derivative, and the judicial power merely a function of government. ... The focus of Rousseau's theory of Sovereignty that offers the most difficulty is his view that, for every State, a Legislator is necessary (Book II: VII). We shall understand the section only by realizing that the legislator is, in fact, in Rousseau's system, the spirit of institutions pers...

• Word Count: 7114
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Written in the 16th century, The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli has come to be regarded by many historians and political experts as one of the oldest political primers in history. As a political philosopher Machiavelli sought to examine and analyzing the data he collected from reviewing past historie...

• Word Count: 3155
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate