In the sociology of deviance, the labelling theory of deviant behaviour is often used interchangeably with the societal reaction theory of deviancy. ... Labelling theory is constituted essentially by two propositions. ... Labelling theory is very complex, making it quite different than other theories. ... Labelling theory is also interested in the effect of labelling individuals. ... This theory was reinforced by E. ...

• Word Count: 3151
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this paper, the use of routine activities theory and general strain theory help in explaining the level of random violence. ... Routine activities theory and general strain theory both do their utmost best in bringing to light an understanding of the world of crime. ... Regardless of the fact that thousands of people can be seen at the train station, never once did we see any police patrols, security guards, vigilant staff and co-workers or any close circuit television systems (CCTV), therefore, the absence of a capable guardian was in plain awareness for David and his gang. ... Another sce...

• Word Count: 2830
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain the works of Edwin Sutherland and his theory of differential association. The differential association theory depicts a relationship between a societal structure and criminal behavior. ... The culture conflict is one of the three major influences to Sutherland's Differential Association theory. ... When trying to devise the theory of differential association Sutherland referenced theories from when he was at the University of Chicago. The theories he chose to reference were the Cultural Transmission theory, Symbolic interactionism theory, ...

• Word Count: 5291
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A society's legal system is based on this premise, and therefore a violation of acceptable conduct is a violation of the laws of that society. ... Lombroso's theory did bring with it positive advances in criminology, however. ... Another, less deterministic biological theory of human antisocial behaviour was offered by Eysenck (1977). ... A problem which has been suggested with Eysenck's theory is that of EEG readings, which are used to display cortical arousal. ... Other research (Zuckerman,1969) has suggested that in fact, "sensation seekers" have a more active central nervo...

• Word Count: 2818
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Two of the most prominent theories are Differential Association theory and Social Control theory. Shoemaker's (1994) Differential Association theory relies on three fundamental assumptions. First, this theory assumes that all behavior that is not genetically derived is learned behavior. ... The second notable theory, Social Control theory, was proposed by Curran and Renzetti (1994). ... Despite the prominence of these theories, recent studies have shown that regardless of the theory utilized, there has been little impact on the reduction of juvenile arrest and crime (Jensen & Howard, 199...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Broken Windows Theory" was introduced in the "Atlantic"" 1982 social science article, by James Q. ... Since the "Broken Window Theory"" was presented it has been an issue of great debate. The main idea of the theory was policing and maintaining order. ... New York City Transit System was revitalized also when Mayor Giuliani stepped into office in 1993. ... written in 2010, by AK Thornton, it mentions that plans were created from the theory of broken...

• Word Count: 3152
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

However, there are many conflicting theories and no one theory can fully explain an individual's intentions, motivations, and/or actions. ... One way to prevent crime is through the health-care system model. Anderson, Grandison, and Dyson (1996) stated that crime can be dealt with the same way as illness in the heath care system, which is to take action before it occurs. ... Therefore, there should be no surprise that the heath care system approach to prevention of crime received many criticisms. ... Stepping away from the Health Care System perceptive, another effective method to pre...

• Word Count: 2766
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During Darwin's time period most scientists believed in the catastrophist theory. ... Lombroso examinations of his subjects matched the bodies to his theories. ... With this information he developed the theory of the born criminal. ... The atavist theory rejected Darwin's theory of evolution to a degree by implying that while most people evolve, some devolve becoming primitive. ... This argument became the ground for Lombroso criminal man theory. ...

• Word Count: 2697
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The purpose of this essay is to look at how the media is a source of 'knowledge' to present crime and victimisation and how the media invokes 'moral panics' about crime and lawless behaviour. There are a number of individuals who think when a person commits a crime they are punished for that crime. However, there is more to crime than just punishment. The media plays an important role in the construction of crime and lawless behaviour. Society's perception of victims, criminals, deviants and punishment is influenced by their portrayal in the mass media. ...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Furthermore, these policies have pushed many students out of schools and into the juvenile justice system for minor behavioral infractions and non-violence offenses. ... While the intention of zero tolerance was to reduce violence and create safer school environments, unintended consequences of these disciplinary rules have made schools less safe for many students by interrupting the learning process and paving a pathway from school into the juvenile justice system. ... Both adult and juvenile offenders were faced with the consequences of the major punitive shift of the U.S. criminal justice s...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Presented Problem- Gangs As defined by Sgt. M. Longo's website on "Gang Information" of the Huron Valley Mens, "a gang is a group of people that form an allegiance to the exclusion of others, for a common purpose of engaging in violent, antisocial, or criminal behavior" (www.geocities.com/rainforest/4207/gangs.html). Gangs have been a problem for years in the big cities of the U.S. In Los Angeles, they account for about half of the city's murders. ...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School