In this paper, the use of routine activities theory and general strain theory help in explaining the level of random violence. ... Routine activities theory and general strain theory both do their utmost best in bringing to light an understanding of the world of crime. ... Regardless of the fact that thousands of people can be seen at the train station, never once did we see any police patrols, security guards, vigilant staff and co-workers or any close circuit television systems (CCTV), therefore, the absence of a capable guardian was in plain awareness for David and his gang. ... Another sce...

• Word Count: 2830
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

Juvenile delinquency is an issue that is taken very seriously by the criminal justice system. ... The juvenile justice system operates under the philosophy of parens patriae. ... There are many landmark cases that have changed the juvenile justice system. ... The theory that is used to explain this phenomenon is called the labeling theory. ... The theory of learning the actions of others and applying them to your life is called the social learning theory. ...

• Word Count: 3291
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explain the works of Edwin Sutherland and his theory of differential association. The differential association theory depicts a relationship between a societal structure and criminal behavior. ... The culture conflict is one of the three major influences to Sutherland's Differential Association theory. ... When trying to devise the theory of differential association Sutherland referenced theories from when he was at the University of Chicago. The theories he chose to reference were the Cultural Transmission theory, Symbolic interactionism theory, ...

• Word Count: 5291
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A society's legal system is based on this premise, and therefore a violation of acceptable conduct is a violation of the laws of that society. ... Lombroso's theory did bring with it positive advances in criminology, however. ... Another, less deterministic biological theory of human antisocial behaviour was offered by Eysenck (1977). ... A problem which has been suggested with Eysenck's theory is that of EEG readings, which are used to display cortical arousal. ... Other research (Zuckerman,1969) has suggested that in fact, "sensation seekers" have a more active central nervo...

• Word Count: 2818
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These ever-changing systems of legal processes, rules, and theories are typically reflective of the society's cultural make-up, beliefs, and level of social advancement. ... There are many different types of programs that purport to based on the restorative justice theory; regardless, the implementation of this theory is a result of a recognized need for changes in the treatment of criminals in the justice system. ... The sentencing process is where these theories are often implemented. ... There are, however, always new methods being used in the application of these theories. Ther...

• Word Count: 4107
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Two of the most prominent theories are Differential Association theory and Social Control theory. Shoemaker's (1994) Differential Association theory relies on three fundamental assumptions. First, this theory assumes that all behavior that is not genetically derived is learned behavior. ... The second notable theory, Social Control theory, was proposed by Curran and Renzetti (1994). ... Despite the prominence of these theories, recent studies have shown that regardless of the theory utilized, there has been little impact on the reduction of juvenile arrest and crime (Jensen & Howard, 199...

• Word Count: 8199
• Approx Pages: 33
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the book "All God's Children" author Fox Butterfield delivered his point of view and his theory on the Bosket family and the American tradition of violence. ... Here the share cropper system reduced the African Americans to peons but then in 1867 the Southern states were forced to give African Americans to vote (Butterfield, F., 2008). ... White southerner's seen themselves as above the law, honor and slavery gave them that idea, but blacks seen themselves outside the law they couldn't go to court because the court system was controlled by whites and the only way t...

• Word Count: 3198
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

"Broken Windows Theory" was introduced in the "Atlantic"" 1982 social science article, by James Q. ... Since the "Broken Window Theory"" was presented it has been an issue of great debate. The main idea of the theory was policing and maintaining order. ... New York City Transit System was revitalized also when Mayor Giuliani stepped into office in 1993. ... written in 2010, by AK Thornton, it mentions that plans were created from the theory of broken...

• Word Count: 3152
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

However, there are many conflicting theories and no one theory can fully explain an individual's intentions, motivations, and/or actions. ... One way to prevent crime is through the health-care system model. Anderson, Grandison, and Dyson (1996) stated that crime can be dealt with the same way as illness in the heath care system, which is to take action before it occurs. ... Therefore, there should be no surprise that the heath care system approach to prevention of crime received many criticisms. ... Stepping away from the Health Care System perceptive, another effective method to pre...

• Word Count: 2766
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

During Darwin's time period most scientists believed in the catastrophist theory. ... Lombroso examinations of his subjects matched the bodies to his theories. ... With this information he developed the theory of the born criminal. ... The atavist theory rejected Darwin's theory of evolution to a degree by implying that while most people evolve, some devolve becoming primitive. ... This argument became the ground for Lombroso criminal man theory. ...

• Word Count: 2697
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A number of theories have been proposed to explain the cause of violence in our schools. For the most part, they are the same theories that address violence in our society: social learning theory, exchange theory, and violence in the media. ... Sutherland's famous theory is called the theory of differential association. ... The exchange theory is based on the premise that people act according to a system of rewards or punishments. The exchange theory, as applied to bullying behavior, is based on a determination of costs and rewards. ...

• Word Count: 2600
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The death penalty has existed throughout the course of our nation's history and always has been a staple of our judicial system. ... Department of Justice suggests that capital punishment system is indeed racist. ... (Mello, "Dead Wrong" 26) Other race related atrocities within the capital punishment system have emerged lately. ... A system in which journalism students are able to prove that the police prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges and jurors convicted the wrong people is not working. The system is not working in large part because most of those accused of crimes are poor peop...

• Word Count: 3235
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

Despite these facts, the development of the legal system with regard to race seems to have become stagnant. ... There are several levels within the system at which discrimination could occur. The initial contact which anyone has with the justice system is with the police. The police are the institution which serve as a gateway to the legal system, and thus it is only logical to look here first. ... So other aspects of the criminal justice system must be examined. ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The purpose of this essay is to look at how the media is a source of 'knowledge' to present crime and victimisation and how the media invokes 'moral panics' about crime and lawless behaviour. There are a number of individuals who think when a person commits a crime they are punished for that crime. However, there is more to crime than just punishment. The media plays an important role in the construction of crime and lawless behaviour. Society's perception of victims, criminals, deviants and punishment is influenced by their portrayal in the mass media. ...

• Word Count: 2855
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Though criminologists have several theories that may fit the attack of September 19th, radical conflict theory is the most appropriate. Radical conflict theory has its roots in Marxist philosophy. ... According to Quinney, this is called a crime of resistance which attacks the system and those who are a part of it. ...

• Word Count: 4508
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Through the analysis of the writings and reports of academics and experts of gun control and urban violence, it will be possible to examine the issues and theories of the social impact of this issue. ...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Due to the overwhelming caseloads processed through the court system, the needs of the offender for additional treatment (i.e., drug addiction, mental illness, alcohol abuse) find themselves incarcerated in an already overcrowded jail or prison with little or no treatment programs to address their issues. ... Taxpayers, correctional institutions, offenders, courts, victims, and policymakers will have an impact by moving towards a more rehabilitative system. However, by maintaining the status quo the American justice system might have a more negative impact if we do not find alternative solut...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Once the purpose of the criminal justice system is established, one must find out the purpose of capital punishment. ... The purpose our entire criminal justice system is to protect the rights of life, liberty, and property for all its citizens. To do this, the criminal justice system needs to make "plunder more painful and more dangerous than labor." ... Amazingly, our criminal justice system is not even achieving this goal. ... The deterrence theory states that in order for a crime to be deterred, justice must be swift, severe, and certain. ...

• Word Count: 3831
• Approx Pages: 15

According to the theory of natural law, our laws are merely a reflection of this foggy, grander conceptual law which exists somewhere in the minds of all people. ... Our legal system is not set up in a way that it can truly force the man to take the same kind of responsibility the woman must take as a consequence for his choosing to have sex. ...

• Word Count: 4097
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

Anti capital punishment campaigners in America view the higher cost of executing someone over life in prison but this is (whilst true for America) has to do with the endless appeals and delays in carrying out death sentences that are allowed under the American legal system where the average time spent on death row is over 11 years. ... The deterrence theory proposes that a sane person will avoid criminal behavior if the severities of the punishment are greater than the benefits of the illegal act. ...

• Word Count: 3217
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Furthermore, these policies have pushed many students out of schools and into the juvenile justice system for minor behavioral infractions and non-violence offenses. ... While the intention of zero tolerance was to reduce violence and create safer school environments, unintended consequences of these disciplinary rules have made schools less safe for many students by interrupting the learning process and paving a pathway from school into the juvenile justice system. ... Both adult and juvenile offenders were faced with the consequences of the major punitive shift of the U.S. criminal justice s...

• Word Count: 4044
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Presented Problem- Gangs As defined by Sgt. M. Longo's website on "Gang Information" of the Huron Valley Mens, "a gang is a group of people that form an allegiance to the exclusion of others, for a common purpose of engaging in violent, antisocial, or criminal behavior" (www.geocities.com/rainforest/4207/gangs.html). Gangs have been a problem for years in the big cities of the U.S. In Los Angeles, they account for about half of the city's murders. ...

• Word Count: 4105
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School