While most modern applicable embryo transfer technology was developed in the 1970's and 1980's, the history of the procedure goes back considerably farther. ... Initially, embryos were recovered from valuable donors and transferred to recipient animals using surgical procedures. It was not until current non-surgical methods were developed in the late 1970s, the process became more affordable and the practice in general has grown in popularity. ...

• Word Count: 772
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Not only have robots helped surgeons in minor surgery, but also they have assisted in life saving procedures. ... This procedure has now been used on over 400,000 patients per year in the United States and is now a worldwide method of heart surgery. Alan Menkis is a Professor of Cardiac Surgery of the University of Western Ontario in Canada and is also using the CABG procedure. He states, "It is obvious that the patients are the real beneficiaries of this new minimally invasive cardiac procedure. ... It has also been proven that using robots to perform a CABG has cut the surgical ti...

• Word Count: 500
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

This procedure is performed by midwifes, a tribal practitioners, or a doctor and typically without any anesthesia or post-op care. ... Eliminating sexual desires through clitoridetomy the surgical removal of the clitoris is a way to control women. Currently there is legislation to prevent this however 3 million women and young girls have this procedure done annually. It is estimated that the number at more than 100 million worldwide have had this procedure done. ... Indeed many immigrant women demand the procedures because their daughters now live in the United States, where sexual mores are m...

• Word Count: 803
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Romans also relied on herbs such as pennyroyal and hellebore, but had also created some of the first gynecological tools for abortive procedures. These surgical instruments were designed to dilate and extract a fetus by using a needle or spike and a covered blunt hook. ... Over the past century, procedures for abortions have come a long way from taking toxic herbs and doing jumping jacks. ... This procedure typically would be performed in a later term pregnancy. ...

• Word Count: 667
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

While plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfully cloned for many years now, before Wilmut's announcement it had been thought by many to be unlikely that such a procedure could be performed on higher animals. ... With in vitro fertilization, the sperm and egg are combined in the lab and surgically implanted in the womb. ...

• Word Count: 1064
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

For piercing practices, jewellery must consist of stainless steel surgical material, 14-18 carat gold, or titanium. ... For both procedures, general recommendations dealing with material storage, topical use of antiseptic solutions, and warnings to the client on the possibility of infections are included in the guidelines"(Lancet), if not don't go there, even if it is cheaper. ...

• Word Count: 995
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School