In the recent past few weeks our class made two observations, each time to different schools. It was our objective to watch the classes at these schools for children with special needs. The purpose of this paper is to explain to you what our observations were and the impact they have made on me. The first school which I visited was L which was in a very remote area. When we first entered the classroom we were able to talk with the teacher, Ms. Hunter, about the different students in the classroom. Of the eight students, there were four or five children with attention deficit disorder (three we...

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... did, obsess for days, or feel physical symptoms such as an upset stomach. Other kids will give up, figuring they aren't good test takers, so why bother studying."(Konrad). Children in the third grade are too young to be experiencing this kind of stress, this is the grade in which the standardized testing begins. There are many ways to deal with ... test anxiety but is that what children should be learning at that age? "As testing increases, many schools have even added these activities ... to the standard curriculum" (Konrad). Children should be taught how to learn and not taught to de...

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... know the language and are involved in classes trying to teach them the basics of the English language and yet they are expected to take a test that even the average American does not understand. It has been said that standardized tests are biased in favor of middle-class students, mainly males in ... in the United States unfortunately are not lucky enough to have this offered to them. Therefore, it is not fair to every student to take the test. The odds are against them. For the students who are in younger grades, such as kindergarten through fifth grade, it is hard for them to ... . Ba...

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... between students and teachers as evidenced by the gap between student and teacher in the frame; we put a majority of stress and responsibility on the shoulders of students to test well and the results of standardized testing is a great factor in what happens to a school, regardless of how accurately the ... accreditation, jobs, apparent standards of academic excellence; these all may fall, be pulled, decrease, fail, rise, and increase according to the results of test scores achieved by students. We rely on these scores for where schools, districts, and even entire state systems are head...

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... to find other means to do well on their tests. The result is trying to cheat or plagiarize, either off the Internet or copying someone else's work during a test. The reason for this is that students think it's easier to cheat then to learn on their own. It is also a satisfying feeling when a student receives a ... work for, just so they can gloat and tell their friends that they did well on a test without even trying. I remember in high school, my friends and I always sat together on one big desk so that during test it was easier to pass each other notes and answers or even switch paper...

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... topic, I looked at a Frontline article on the PBS website called, "Testing Our Schools." This article, which was produced by John D. Tulenko, documents interviews with educators, policy makers, and test makers in regards to the standardized testing debate. From this, I became informed about the history of standardized testing, which grew its roots when a1983 report titled, "A Nation at Risk," said ... focus on the necessary basic skills" Reading, writing and arithmetic, or the, " Three R's," are thought to be the essentials of education. It is thought that the tests would stress their i...

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... placing the teachers in a situation where they have to help the students pass their English and writing state exam. Students must also increase in theirs test scores in order to be promoted to the next level. Rapoport states "school[s] [are] under a lot of pressure" having to deal ... with the required grades that the students should be reaching. He claims that the schools and the teachers go into a lot of stress having the students become proficient in their academic subjects (Rapoport, Tenth 134). Goodman states that teachers have to prepare within months to make sure their ... ; in ...

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... . The Act also makes it look as if the school systems now are all about test grades [OBr13] [Deb09]. Every meeting that teachers have are about to get test grades higher. However, what good are test grades being higher if the student did not learn anything on the test and the teacher gives them the answer to improve AYP so that the school can ... unfair to the student because they are being falsely taught. When Meier visited an elementary school, she stated that she saw a teacher giving the students the answer on a national distributed test: "What this means is that our younger generatio...

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... on spelling, vocabulary, reading and mathematics. The findings for West Virginia's statewide initiative are as follows: • The more students participated in computer education, the more their test scores rose on standardized testing. • Consistent student access to the technology led to having a positive attitudes towards the technology by both student and teacher and teacher training in ... the technology led to the greatest student achievement gains. All students' test scores rose on the standardized tests with lower achieving students rising the most. Increased Motivation and Self ...

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... diet, physical activities and medication, based on previous studies. The necessary corrections in the questionnaires were performed after experts' review. The reliability of the questionnaires were tested through test-retest reliability, achieving 90% consistency or stability in the data. The questionnaires were filled out twice by the group of participants with 20 days apart. Inter-rater reliability ... vividly described in the article that questionnaires were examined by content validity. This approach assumes that the authors have a good detailed description of the content domain. Aut...

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... schools that administered third-, fifth- or eighth-grade ISATS last February (1999), only two beat the state grade-level averages in every math and reading test." Both of these schools are downstate though. It was also found that "all seven Chicago charter schools underperformed state averages, and five scored mostly below the ... percent individual instruction, sixty percent computer based instruction, and fifteen percent independent study equaling a minimum of 36 hours before the student will be able to test for completion of a credit. This program is important in assisting students i...

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... schools that administered third-, fifth- or eighth-grade ISATS last February (1999), only two beat the state grade-level averages in every math and reading test." Both of these schools are downstate though. It was also found that "all seven Chicago charter schools underperformed state averages, and five scored mostly below the ... percent individual instruction, sixty percent computer based instruction, and fifteen percent independent study equaling a minimum of 36 hours before the student will be able to test for completion of a credit. This program is important in assisting students i...

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... schedule not only benefits children but also teachers. In the intersession teachers can decide if they want to teach (in which they would earn extra income), take a vacation to relieve stress, or use the time to develop course materials. It has been said that YRE and SES contribute to less teacher burn out and better teacher satisfaction as a result of student ... different ways to take advantage of the intersessions. Some districts decided upon YRE for academic reform hoping that the implementation of YRE would contribute to higher test scores. As a whole, YRE's reading, math, and scie...

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... center of focus on the instructor (Orlich & Harder, 2004). The teacher is also able to assess a student's feedback quickly by asking for verbal responses from the class or giving a pre-test before presenting the lesson. Also, all students are allowed equal time on all classroom activities ensuring that each student has had the opportunity to acquire the information. This type of ... case the student is unable to learn effectively. A successful contribution of behaviorism is that it is a more humane approach to education. With direct instruction, the instructor is also able to stress his...

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... services for students with special needs in mainstream settings. Collaboration is premised on the ability of professionals to work together to identify common problems and, through collective reflection, to devise, test and revise solutions, and yet, prior to the inclusion movement, the education of students with disabilities was the sole responsibility of special education. (Clark, Dyson & Millward, 1995) Advocates of ... inclusion stress that it benefits all that are involved. Not only do the disabled students benefit, but the regular students, teachers and special education teachers ...

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... services for students with special needs in mainstream settings. Collaboration is premised on the ability of professionals to work together to identify common problems and, through collective reflection, to devise, test and revise solutions, and yet, prior to the inclusion movement, the education of students with disabilities was the sole responsibility of special education. (Clark, Dyson & Millward, 1995) Advocates of ... inclusion stress that it benefits all that are involved. Not only do the disabled students benefit, but the regular students, teachers and special education teachers ...

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... by participating in extra-curricular activities, they decide to quit. Extra-curricular activities instead of being of a way for a student to release their tensions, becomes another way for students to stress about college. Students want to relax by participating in extra-curricular activities, but can't because of the worry about their studies. Some extra-curricular activities offer students to become more ... to taking the exam, some students would have put so much pressure on themselves that they end up getting nervous and making dumb mistakes on the test, which in turn makes the stud...

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... , all characteristics correspond to each other. In the 1950s, Isabel Myers with her mother Katheryn Briggs devised the Myers - Briggs Type Indicator, a method for identifying sixteen patterns of action. The test was used so widely it revived interest in the ancient theory of four temperaments because the sixteen Myers - Briggs types fell neatly into the four temperaments of Hippocrates, Adickes, Kretschmer ... upon to deal with problems and challenges that require the use of their less preferred modes, and so should regularly be given practice in the use of those modes. However, stress, ...

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... both students and families alike. Appropriate organization and utilization of space is important to create a learning environment where materials are accessible and the schedule and routines are predictable. I also cannot stress enough, the importance of strong family-teacher relationships. Families can provide the best insight into a student and should be a welcomed addition to any classroom. In order to have an effective ... checklists, running records and documented through portfolios or journals. Informal assessment provides a clear picture of the child since they are engaged at a l...

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... graded the knowledge of teenagers in seventy countries. Students fifteen years of age were ranked fourteenth in reading, seventeenth in science, and twenty-fifth in math (Koebler 1). In the same test, students from Shanghai, China, received higher scores than any other school system in the world (Hechinger 1). The top educational systems were found in Finland and South Korea. There was an ... the U.S. now, which was when they began to reform their educational system (Anderson 2). Finland achieves the same educational success, without causing the student and their family the high stress ...

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... reading and journaling, student creation of assessment rubrics and independent projects. Ruggieri was able to measure the results of these learning activities by having her students take a grade-less, stress-free test which would compare their learning with Ruggieri's previous classes. The results showed substantial improvement in not only letter grades, but in overall accountability for student learning, product creation, and student ... ...

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... , and violence. Some parents are dissatisfied with the quality and lack of responsiveness of schools, and home schooling provides them with a chance to initiate their ideas about education, and to test their own teaching skills. Another reason why some families choose to home school their children is because of finances. For example, In some two-parent working families the income earned ... their behavior; the influence of peer pressure is reduced; vacations and trips can be planned at the families convenience; families can spend more time together; and there is usually less stress invol...

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... and administration view topics differently in Japan than in the United States. The administration and students work as a team, not individually. There are no achievement tests, but they do have a test that helps more excelled students enter the "better" universities (Kolar V). In the elementary there was no separation. Creativity used to be a strong area in the young students" minds. Recently that ... . This is due to the lack of business that is supporting this type of employment. Above, it was stated that the Japanese culture, through education, is under a substantial amount of stress ...

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... potential as learners. Business leaders and state legislators are demanding that schools find ways to improve achievement at all levels. More assessment, different forms of assessment, and accountability programs that stress the establishment of standards for student performance are some of the many methods currently being explored or implemented by school districts around the country. What is the formula for achieving ... the Rapid Gains in Achievement made by Minority and Urban Students in Texas and North Carolina. He pointed to a number of factors that contributed to a slow but stead...

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