He argues that "the massive social engineering under apartheid in South Africa" is an example of "high modernist utopianism of the right." ... The final method of segregation was social segregation of public places, methods of transportation, and schools. ... Arguably one of the most devastating aspects of the social engineering of Apartheid was its creation of the Bantu Education Act of 1953. ...

• Word Count: 2509
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, they have suggested that the connections between race and sentencing outcomes are exceedingly complex, conditioned by a diverse set of variables, including characteristics of the defendant, the victim, the crime itself and the geographical area where it took place, as well as the bureaucratic organization of local courts, the culture of courtroom workgroups, and even broader features of the social and political environments in which case processing takes place. ... In reaction to perceived inequalities in the federal and state sentencing systems, social and legal scholars pressed for...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Irwin's book seeks to examine how America has used its jail system as a new, under examined form of social control. ... This is when your social status depends on the color of your skin or where you come from, rather than who you are and what you could make of yourself. ... The social status of the blacks was now unknown. ...

• Word Count: 6384
• Approx Pages: 26

In America, the status affixed to race as a defining feature suggests a degree of inter-correctness among black people who have inhabited varying subordinate subcultures with respect to the pervasive white mainstream. ... Black prisons were at the forefront of social criticism in issues of race and class. ... Prisoners such as Eldridge, Cleaver and George Jackson fostered the liberation ideology and the development of a black consciousness and revealed radical critiques of the American social order. ... Black political and social activists within prisons were important because they provided...

• Word Count: 3043
• Approx Pages: 12

King, his older sister Christine and his younger brother Alfred Daniel grew up in a stable social circumstance. ... At seventeen, King decided to become a pastor in order to better influence people in social changes and to promote Christian ideals. ... In the following years, he was more interested in social and ethical questions of the human condition. ...

• Word Count: 4457
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Having put a limit, would have placed slaves two different social status, and would have threatened the master's absolute power over his female slaves. ... Generalizing the law of protection and implementing it over slaves, meant a risk of making both owner and slave at an almost equal social level and would make their idea of ownership pointless, knowing there is no true ownership when there is no total control. ...

• Word Count: 2545
• Approx Pages: 10

Du Bois reminds us that former slaves had "a brief moment in the sun" before returning to a status akin to slavery. ... However, it is astonishing that people do not believe that the political and social dynamics that purport to color blindness would create a new caste system- the one all Americans live in today. ... Civil rights activist argued that socioeconomic inequality coupled with racism produced crippling poverty and social issues. ... He of ten repeated the story of a Chicago "welfare queen" with "80 names, 30 addresses, 12 Social Security cards," whose &...

• Word Count: 4144
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

However, he realized that blacks in the North had voting rights, but were in even worse economic and social condition than southern blacks. ... He recognized that his ideology of women was wrong and for black men to become educated and move ahead economically and socially women would have to do the same. ...

• Word Count: 2721
• Approx Pages: 11

I start to take a short look at the political and social situation of the blacks in the twenties and of course I look at the most influential writers at this time. ... The steady loss of orientation of the social and political position of African Americans in America and the growing exodus of blacks from their homes in the south to the northern cities are issues that the Harlem writers tried to work through in their stories and poems. ...

• Word Count: 4309
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School