Arnold Berthold decided to implant testes into the abdomens of castrated chickens. The chickens with implanted testes grew up to behave like normal roosters. ... He said, "The testes act upon the blood, and the blood acts upon the whole organism" (Berthold, 1849). ... Koch recruited his students to help him extract isolates from over 40 pounds of bull testes. ... Since males are the sex that testosterone affects the most, lets focus on them. ...

• Word Count: 1933
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

"Anabolic steroids, synthetic compounds formulated to act like the male sex hormone testosterone are the subject of conversation these days. ... Estrogen steroids, which are made from the female sex hormone estrogen, are used for birth control pills" (Clayton 21). ... The testing of drugs also comes at a very high cost. It can cost a team hundreds of dollars just to test one individual, and soon the testing becomes too much money that the team cannot afford the testing any longer. Other than the reputations lost and the cost of testing there are really not any negative effects of steroid t...

• Word Count: 1921
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary male sex characteristics, the promotion of muscle increase, stimulation of the metabolism, and puberty ("A Steroids" 1). ... Although it was not until 1986 that a testing program was started (Yesalis 42). ... There are many physical side effects in men even though anabolic steroids are derived from a male sex hormone. ... A few school districts 5 test for steroid abuse and studies are currently under study to see whether such testing reduces drug abuse" (7). ... An easy way to stop competitors from using steroids is to have...

• Word Count: 1432
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

Right around the time of the Second World War, scientists began to experiment with artificially created sex hormones called anabolic steroids (Weber 1)." ... Why don't they test for something if it is illegal to use? ... He firmly believes in testing for players. ... The newest proposal suggested by the owners would call for more extensive drug testing where players have to submit to a steroid drug test three times a year, and one drug test per year for recreational drugs. ... Is there any need for testing? ...

• Word Count: 1573
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

An anabolic steroid is a substance that is related to male sex hormones, known as testosterone. ... However, even though this was the first year of a mandatory drug test, not a single one of these athletes tested positive due to the fact that only urine was tested. Urine tests for PEDs can only trace back 30 days, exploiting the weakness in the power of drug testing ("Performance"). ... Many athletes withdrew immediately after this announcement for mandatory drug testing. ... To this day, attitudes concerning the effectiveness of drug testing remain mixed among athletes. ...

• Word Count: 2193
• Approx Pages: 9

Ben Johnson drew considerable negative attention to himself, as well as to Canada, as a sports competitor when he was tested positive for using anabolic steroids following a win in the 100 m race at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul. ... Decreased sex drive, insomnia, headache, fatigue, depression, anorexia and dissatisfaction with body image are all common withdrawal symptoms. ... Men and women by nature tend to seek ways to exert dominance over the members of their respected sex. ... Having large muscles enhances confidence and strength, which in turn cause physical attraction by the opposite sex...

• Word Count: 2006
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Football players may be fined or suspended from playing in games for testing positive. ... These are not the only events in which testing and penalties take place. Many other sports test their athlete for steroid use. ... Included in the family of steroids are sex hormones, adrenal hormones, and bile acids. ... It seems as though every day a new player is busted for testing positive. ...

• Word Count: 2134
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Androstenedione was tested on two age groups. ... The test that shows that andro lessens protection against cholesterol is just one test. There are other tests that have been taken that show other harmful side effects. Andro was tested on younger groups and it did not increase the testosterone level (Sports). ... The most popular steroid costs up to 5000 dollars and is hard to detect with standard drug tests. ...

• Word Count: 2117
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

Anabolic Steroids Anabolic Steroids are synthetic compounds formulated to be like the male sex hormone testosterone. ... In a male, testosterone is released by the cells in the testes. ... Androgenic is the development of male sex characteristics. ... A mans testes will decrease in size, and the amount of natural testosterone and the hormones that nourish them also decrease. ... Most of the symptoms of the drug use go away after the drug is not used anymore but some of them stay such as abnormal tissue in the liver, testes, and prostate gland. ...

• Word Count: 1836
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

After the race Johnson had tested positive for anabolic steroid use. ... In the nineteen eighty eight Olympics Ben Johnson, a Canadian Olympic sprinter, was the first athlete caught testing positive for anabolic steroid use. ... Women may also contract some of these diseases as well as growing male sex organs. ...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

These include enlargement of the penis and testes, voice changes, hair growth on the face, axilla, and genital areas, and increased aggressiveness. " (Fahey par. 3) The changes to the male are referred to as androgenic. ... Changes in the hormone can cause infertility due to mutation in sperm and lowered sperm count (Kuipers section 2) Some power-lifters aren't satisfied with the effects of one anabolic steroid so they use more than one at once called "stacking" which causes more complications with the testes (Kuipers section 2) Irreversible breast enlargement in males can also occur (gyn...

• Word Count: 1722
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

According to the N.I.D.A (National Institute on Drug Abuse) anabolic steroids is the familiar name given to synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones know as androgens. ... They were developed in the 1930's to treat a condition known as hypogonadism in which the male testes do not produce a sufficient amount of the male hormone testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. ... In both sexes side effects have been documented, such as cardiovascular disease, liver disease and cancer, kidney disease and cancer, H.I.V and hepatitis B and C from sharing con...

• Word Count: 1431
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

After insemination, paternal and maternal chromosomes fuse, this fusion determines the sex of the child. ... When Testosterone is distributed throughout the sexually maturing male, his testes will enlarge and begin producing sperm. ... If the two sexes are treated differently and have different expectations of their behaviour then they will learn to behave differently. ... It showed that a study by Hammer had indicated that it was possible to locate the gene that is responsible for our sexuality by studying same sex family members. ...

• Word Count: 1993
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The nutritional needs of a basketball player vary depending on your sex, age and size. ... His testes were found to be very small and weak and he reported loss of sexual function and desire. Investigations showed severely impaired function of the testes caused by central hormonal disturbances - a situation which had persisted for months after withdrawing from the use of steroids, which he had previously used for two periods of 18 weeks a year. ...

• Word Count: 1574
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

"'Anabolic steroids' is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (androgens). ... In the late 1930s, Anabolic steroids were developed to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. ... "Abusers think that the different steroids interact to produce an effect on muscle size that is greater than the effects of each drug individually, a theory that has not been tested scientifically.""... The investigators discovered Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) a design...

• Word Count: 1902
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

Hypogonadalism is a condition in which the sex glands of a person do not produce hormones (1290). ... Meanwhile patient number two showed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation after a routine exercise test (M. ...

• Word Count: 1710
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography

The Juice on Steroids Athletes, whether they are young or old, professional or amateur, are always looking to gain an advantage over their opponents. The desire for an "edge" exists in all sports, at all levels of play. Successful athletes rely on practice and hard work to increase their skill, s...

• Word Count: 2283
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School