Systems of kinship varied in West Africa in the different regions but "it was commonly accepted that kinship was "the principal way of ordering relations between individuals (Walvin 2001;p 174)" By the mid eighteenth century within the Chesapeake region and despite the mammoth difficulties slaves had to endure, family systems developed and became the cornerstone of slave life. ... Like their slave counterparts in America slaves in Barbados by the end of the eighteenth century lived in an immediately recognizable nuclear family. ... This was also the situation a century later when missiona...

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