A black middle class had developed following the American Civil War (1861-1865), increasing education and employment opportunities with a new sense of racial pride (Collier, 1985). ... The new sense of political activism was reflected in the massive shift in Black affiliation from the Republican to the Democratic party and in the increasing influence of Black organizations. ... Perhaps the most dramatic evidence of the newfound sense of purpose and activism was the popularity of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Driven by the charismatic zeal of Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate