The British were involved in the usual strategic planning aiming at securing their access to the Empire and, in the end, the arms race "contributed to the feeling that war was inevitable." ... The Austro-Hungarian Empire was losing its geopolitical integrity; Britain had to deal with the Ulster Irish question that was about to overspill; France had as issues taxation and the Three-Year service issue. ... Britain had an Empire to defend; Russia was pushing in the Middle East and was already present in Persia; Italy wanted to live up to its glorious past and Germany wanted to create its own sea ...

• Word Count: 4114
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

While Britain and France were constantly in quest of expanding their empires at the cost of their adversaries, the United States was not in the war for Empirical gains. ... Such exposure to new democratic ideals during the war put the old European empires under constant tension that would eventually lead to their collapse in the 21st century. ... He promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire had been (and still is) a major source of pride for any Italian and the thought of having such glory again within the country immediately began to turn heads. ... Mussolini d...

• Word Count: 8195
• Approx Pages: 33

(The word fascism derives from the Latin fasces: an ax surrounded by a bundle of sticks that represented the authority of the Roman state. ... In 1929, he settled Italy's sixty-year-old con- flict with the Roman Catholic Church. He signed a treaty that granted independence to the papal residence in the Vatican City and established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of the state. ...

• Word Count: 5609
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Growth and Implementation of Hitler's Continental Expansionist Foreign Policy Program One of the most interesting historiographical debates about the Second World War concerns the nature of Hitler's foreign policy. Everyone knows that the Second World War was horrible, even worse than the First, but it has yet to be unequivocally decided what exactly was Hitler's role in bringing about such a catastrophe. The most important issue relates to the question of whether or not Hitler had evolved a clear and coherent foreign policy by the time he assumed office and ...

• Word Count: 8102
• Approx Pages: 32
• Grade Level: High School

Sources A and B are an earlier type of source, depending on the patriotic fervour that swept Britain at the war's outset, portraying enlistment as a duty to the country and empire. ... Death, as taught in such establishments, was not one of dehumanising pain where, "eyes writhe in his face" (Dulce Et Decorum Est) after a gas attack, but rather one of Greek and Roman victories together with the "Esprit de corps" and of "daggers in plaid socks" (Disabled). ...

• Word Count: 6124
• Approx Pages: 24
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The twentieth century really begins before the end of the nineteenth century. Queen Victoria's Jubilee in 1887 was felt by many to represent the end of an era. An end-of-century stoicism, and a growing pessimism among writers and intellectuals, may be traced to several sources, not least the publica...

• Word Count: 10566
• Approx Pages: 42