Managing risk and predicting dangerousness of offenders has been and is continually developing. ... The 1990s saw a growing preoccupation with high risk offenders (Kemshall & Wood: 2009). ... Is there still such room for constructive interventions, assisting the offender to reduce their risk of harm, within MAPPA? ... This restrictive approach also paints the offender as someone who can't change and is at risk of re-offending (Laws & Ward 2011). ... Highlighting that MAPPA is beneficial at tackling both risk and reoffending. ...

• Word Count: 2070
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, to a higher or lower level, they increase the risk of criminal behaviour. The more risk factors any individual has the bigger the danger of their engagement in crime. ... A lot of criminological investigation involves trying to conclude whether a specific factor increases the risk of involvement in crime, when other possible risk factors are controlled by being held constant. ... If poor parenting skills increase the risk of juvenile involvement in crime, it should then be conceivable to decrease that risk by improving parenting skills. ... Therefore the children of families with a...

• Word Count: 3709
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They displayed a more negative behaviour in school and involved in delinquent acts from fighting, collecting protection money, recruiting fellow members, intimidating classmates and teachers, to committing minor offences. ... Despite of the risk involved, the reputation a young gang members could gain from their fellow members through engaging in fights would definitely outweigh the negative effects. ... They would only proceed with a decision after balancing all profit, risk and cost (Alach 2011). The concept of 'Edgework' is defined as the voluntary risk taking activities like...

• Word Count: 2079
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Some theories include: education and poverty, social exclusion, expected gain from crime relative to earnings from legal work, the risk of being caught and convicted, and the opportunities of legal activities. ... Some females get involved with crime because of the risk that it runs in being caught. ... Getting involved in crimes means they are creating their own rules. ... Most females get involved with prostitution, because of all of the reason previously listed. ... Lack of guidance is another cause as to why females get involved with crimes. ...

• Word Count: 724
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography

According to the differential association theory, her age at the time of the crime (16) had a major effect on how she became involved with the robbery. ... The Differential association theory also suggests that young people are vulnerable and more susceptible to be involved in crimes that their peers are conducting. ... People are more willing to risk things when it comes to the people you love and care about. ... All of the drama in her life probably desensitized her and that is why she proceeded to be involved in the crime. ...

• Word Count: 363
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School

Children who come from poverty get involved selling drugs for profit. ... The psychological profile of a gang member is low self-esteem, being antisocial, aggressive, impulsive, and a risk-seeker. ... Parents shouldn't leave out any details of why they think their child is involved with a gang because it can only hurt them worse. ... Teachers can be more concerned and involved with the needs of children who are having trouble learning or getting good grades. ... They all work together in the community with children who are at risk for or have joined gangs. ...

• Word Count: 869
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

In 1982 and 1983 the Animal Liberation Front was involved with a series of letter bombs sent to politicians in the United Kingdom. ... Sometimes this information will only be accessible through undercover means of intelligence gathering, the best example; risk assessment. If a group plans to place the community at risk, then that group will want to keep their agendas hidden, because they know the police will want to put an immediate end to their mission. ... The information gathered is used to make educated decisions about the potential threat posed to public figures or the risk to community...

• Word Count: 815
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Are these students putting the community at risk? ... This was because Holly's parents and other citizens in the community thought no risk was involved with a young girl to walk down the street in the early evening less then a block from her home. ... Are these young offenders in our society putting the community at risk? ... The government is now getting more involved with their offenders and victims lives. ... Youth are now getting more involved then ever tha...

• Word Count: 1815
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Based on the findings, it is argue that participation in combat sports can distance individuals from nonstructural risk factors in behavioral, community/social and economic spheres. ... It was clear that the traditional philosophical and psychological elements were vital to being effective in reducing risk factors associated with offending. ... Ironically, because of the ethical issues involved in researching those less than 16 years, the focus is exclusively on adults. ... It has shown that combat sport participation can act as a protective factor which distances participants from socio-cultu...

• Word Count: 871
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When targeting those who are at risk this can and should start in school. ... Also if more parents were to be taught how to deal with any risk factors and also how to remove that risk factor. If they cannot remove the risk factor then being able to turn to a counseling program will help them. ... In Atlanta, there is a high population rate so this increases the amount of people who are at risk from these risk factors that include those who live in poverty and high drug use area. ... For the best opportunity to reduce crime, we must focus on the risk factors starting at an early age. ...

• Word Count: 2090
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Sometimes if the parents are not involved in the child's life they usually replace family with friends, and try to get help and opinions on different situations from them instead of a parent or authority figure. ... When teens make choices involving risk, they do not evaluate long-term consequences or risks involved in that particular situation. ... Even small amounts of negative peer pressure during these years when the brain is still developing can lead at-risk teenagers to delinquent behaviors.... Some kids come from homes where the parents are negligent or not involved with them. ...

• Word Count: 1140
• Approx Pages: 5

According to the National Youth Gang Survey, youth gangs are defined as having three or more members generally aged between twelve and twenty four years of age, sharing an identity typically liked to a name or symbol, members view themselves as a gang and are viewed by others as a gang, group has some permanence and organization, and the group is involved in an elevated level of criminal activity (National Institute of Justice). ... The Richmond GRP implemented outreach activities to promote public awareness, referred youths and families to GRP services, provided case management, and conducted...

• Word Count: 773
• Approx Pages: 3

While there are hotspots for this particular crime to occur, not all places are at risk and individuals should be notified if they live in areas with high rates of motor vehicle theft. Theft of and from motor vehicles can be conducted within a private or public place, and anybody who owns their vehicle is at risk of becoming a victim (Aic.gov.au, n.d.). ... By improving informal surveillance it increases the effort the offender must put in to successfully perform the theft and the perceived risk of being identified and/or caught (Sutton, Cherney and White, 2014, p70). ... There are a variety o...

• Word Count: 2187
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" With all these health risks involved, I don't think anyone should purchase anything with BPA in it. Just the fact that you are risking so many health issues should deter people away. ... "Industry scientists and other critics point to industry-funded studies that show little to no risk to humans, especially to adults. ... I just don't think that the potential risk outweighs the good in this situation. ... Although there are studies that show the risk is lower for adults I think children are more at risk. ...

• Word Count: 1083
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

If you have seen any of these movies, you"ll know that the main characters are involved in or have made a career in some kind of organized crime. ... A few powerful families do not control the organized crime in America; rather it is a very complex string of small and large investors willing to take a risk at defying the law to make money(Alexander and Caiden, pg. 1,2). ... Civilians, lawyers, judges and police officers sometimes stumble onto something much larger than they intended to or had no idea about; these innocent people that are supposed to be fighting against crime may combine w...

• Word Count: 1145
• Approx Pages: 5

The emotional impulse for revenge is not a sufficient justification for the use of capital punishment, with all of the problems and risks involved. ... Wrongful executions are a preventable risk. ... By substituting the death penalty with a sentence of life without parole, we meet society's needs of punishment and protection without running the risk of an erroneous and irrevocable punishment. ...

• Word Count: 819
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

.), "Conditions such as maltreatment or neglect by family members and others, a community with a large population of delinquent juveniles and gangs, ready access to drugs and guns, and an unsafe school increase the chance that a youth will make unhealthy or unlawful choices" (Risk Factors for Delinquency). ... Financial support for city parks, youth programs, and recreations centers has decreased, contributing to further deterioration of neighborhoods and producing high-risk environments for the local youth. ... Children who care for themselves after school (referred to as latchkey children...

• Word Count: 1000
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Risk factors occur in the environment that the person is subjected to and can alter the ability to adapt to that environment. ... These young adults, ages 16-18, are introduced to a number of risk factors that may make them more likely to commit crimes. ... Protective factors can help absorb the negative effects of many risk factors. ... This stems from the fact that we are decreasing our protective factors while increasing the risk factors for people who are or may be involved in these programs. ... This second area needs to be a support system to help cope with the risk factors that ha...

• Word Count: 1534
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to Justice Work literature, a closer look into women involved in the criminal justice system shows that they are there because of lack of education, poverty, homelessness, drug addictions, and spousal abuse. ... Some of these risks are attributed to the inmate's general background of poverty, substance abuse, lack of education, and sexually transmitted diseases. However, other pregnancy related risks come directly from the correctional policies and environmental setting. ... "With the increasingly growing population of incarcerated women, especially pregnant women there is a ...

• Word Count: 1373
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Two primary factors contributing to the persistence and growth of this crime include low risk due to relatively lenient sentences and high profitability. ... For instance, Strain Theory could be used to explain the motivations of the individual who does not come from an economically disadvantaged background yet still becomes involved with the lucrative drug trade. ... Furthermore, by providing public information on the negatives of marijuana consumption, we can educate youths before they become involved. ... Specifically, secondary prevention focuses attention on areas that are at high ri...

• Word Count: 2766
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

They get themselves involved in gangs and begin to participate in gang related activities, etc. ... Majority of the time when there is a crime being committed, the media gets involved before they even know the full details of what happened. ... Overall juveniles of all races and genders are at a higher risk for ending up in the court systems both as youth and returning into the system as an adult. ...

• Word Count: 748
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Program Details ​ According to Strategiesforyouth.com, scared straight is a program that brings at-risk youth into an adult prison where they are confronted by inmates. ... The point of these programs is to scare juveniles away from crime-how officials have decided to do that is to bring at-risk youth into prisons where they can take a tour and submerge themselves into the prison life for a couple of hours. ... Theories The whole point of the program is to deter youth from committing crimes, therefore deterrence is the main theory involved in this program. ... A study by Petrosino and col...

• Word Count: 1578
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This type of data can help in reducing risk of recidivism due to the desire of incarcerated parents to reunite with their children and other information provided in the BJS can point to issues that may further facilitate this possibility or deter it. ... However, as stated before, the BJS is a starting point for students and those involved in the criminal justice system and cannot be used as a tool to solve crime. ...

• Word Count: 533
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

According to the book, Gun Control: Opposing Viewpoints written by David Bender, in society today almost 100,000 Americans each year are treated for gun-related injuries. The sad truth is that firearms kill some 35,000 people every year in the United States, in addition to some 200,000 injuries, m...

• Word Count: 616
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography

Studies show that "preference for heavy metal music may a significant indicator for alienation, substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, suicide risks, sex-role stereotyping, or risk taking behaviors during adolescence." [1] "Forty-seven percent (47%) of mothers with children in public schools believe that violent messages in rap and rock music contribute " a great deal" to school violence "[2]. ... The teenagers involved in the shootings apparently had a fascination for rock singer, Marilyn Manson, whose lyrical themes include hatred, revenge, shooting and death. ... "[8] But, there is eno...

• Word Count: 1065
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate