The First Ladies in Female Spheres Massachusetts-born Abigail Smith inherited New England's potent traditions and continued to personify republican values until her death in 1818. ... After her death in 1818, she stands remembered as both a patriot and First Lady as well as an embodiment of a republican mother who gave birth to a future President. ... Marriage and motherhood were considered the principal occupations of every female and "patient submission" in all duties was the expected norm and virtue. ...

• Word Count: 1568
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Previous to the civil war rose two characters, two heroes, in Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson. Both serve as compact symbols representing the ideology of their own generations. Jefferson exemplifies the aristocrat, the democratic politician, writer extraordinaire, and the pacifist. Jackson epit...

• Word Count: 2477
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School