The Five Primary Psychological Paradigms Primary Psychological Paradigms 2 In this paper, I am going to briefly discuss each of the five primary psychological paradigms. ... Charles Darwin (1809-1882) played a very significant role in the development Primary Psychological Paradigms 3 of the biological approach. ... Anxiety disorders, for example, occur when earlier childhood needs are not met and later expressed, unconsciously in latent forms filtered by the reality principle. ... In psychological however, learning has a broader meaning. ... (cited 1 and 4) Primary P...

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In this model "little or no attempts are made to examine the social or psychological aspects of disturbance" (Newcomer, 1993). It is believed that some behavioural disorders are passed on through genes. ... The difference from the "biophysical theory" is the "emphasis on psychological processes as the primary determinants of emotionally disturbed behaviour" (Newcomer, 1993). ... Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, recognized the importance of psychological factors in mental disorders. ... At birth, we possess only the id; the ego and superego are differentiated as we progress thro...

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The biological theory holds that psychological disorders are caused by physiological malfunctions, for example, the nervous system or the endocrine glands often stemming from hereditary factors. ... The psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers who believed that behavior disorders are symbolic expressions of unconscious conflicts, which can usually be traced to childhood. ... The cognitive-behavioral model deals with both internal and external learning processes in the development and treatment of psychological disorders. The cognitive-behavioral theory has helped...

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Although a disorder may be primarily physical or primarily psychological, it is always a disorder of the whole- not just of the body or psyche. ... These conflicts are called intrapsychic conflicts and, if unresolved, lead to mental disorder. ... The psychological repercussions from such events, often underestimated can be profound. ... Prolonged loss of sleep shows psychological problems including disorientation for time and place and feeling of depersonalization. ... Providing enjoyable, creative, tactile activities for children can influence psychological development. ...

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This somatoform (body) disorder does not happen all at once, though; it requires different psychological processes in order to take place. ... In this novel, Gregor, because of his psychological disturbances, experiences conversion disorder. ... Even in his human form he felt alienated which aided in his conversion disorder. ... This psychological process finally leads him to his conversion disorder. ... His psychological disturbances were caused by outside factors and his own thoughts about himself. ...

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In Khaled Hosseini's T​he Kite Runner,​the protagonist Amir commits an unforgettable act of betrayal on his loyal friend Hassan which causes Amir to undergo a severe case of post traumatic stress disorder, which occurs following the experience of a traumatic event and can be treated through psychological means, including Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. ... According to David Riggs at Mental Health America, "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a traumatic event". ... Post­-traumatic stress dis...

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For instance, Fleiss had a theory that linked the state of the nose to numerous sexual disorders. ... In 1886, Freud returned from college, opened a private practice specializing in the nervous system and brain disorders, and married Martha Bernays (Gay, 1988). ... The cathartic method was the forerunner of psychotherapy, the treatment of abnormal behavior through psychological techniques. ... Sigmund Freud's view of psychological disorders focused on unconscious motives and conflicts (Myers, 2002). His ideas about the cause and treatment of psychological disorders are what really form...

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These are psychological disorders presented in many humans even if they don't seem as a sick person. ... It is such an important matter in our society that we now at least a little about this disorders, that we present information about them, their symptoms, etc. ... The paraphiliac focus of Sexual Sadism involves acts in which the individual derives sexual excitement from the psychological or physical suffering of the victim. ... When sexual sadism is severe, and especially when it is associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder, individuals with Sexual Sadism may seriously in...

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Unfortunately, the psychological level becomes an area of neglect and consequently a source of much discontent. The neurotic ways of civilization and religion will ultimately lead to disorder. ... The garrison is the Super-Ego, a psychological component sculpted by the ideals of civilization. ... Freud replies to the situation by explaining that, "If the loss is not compensated for economically, one can be certain that serious disorders will ensue" (Freud 52). In other words, the psychological turmoil from insatiate desires will ultimately lead to chaotic consequences. ...

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In 1901 Sigmund Freud starts analysing 18-year old Dora and in 1902 is appointed professor at the University of Vienna and the foundation of the "Psychological Wednesday Society". ... If this should occur, then a psychological disorder is present. The psychological disorder includes: depression, anxiety, hysteria, and phobias. ... Hysteria today is referred to as a conversion disorder. ... Unlike his companion Charcot, Freud believed that based on his clinical studies, some mental disorders like hysteria were based on sexual manner. ...

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For decades within the psychological community, it has been said that the twentieth century would go down as the "Freudian Century" of thought, mind, and ideals. ... Considering the nature of the so-called Freudian revolution of psychological thought, it seems that the essence of Freud's ideals lies not in the discovery of new facts but in the process of discovering new ways of interpreting man's emotions, motives, and mind. ... Freud's theory of psychoanalysis is, to this day, a theory geared toward treating psychological disorders of the mental life and behavior of people. ...

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Central to Jungian psychology is the concept of individuation, referring to the psychological evolution of an individual over time. ... In fact, it was Jung's feeling that the greater the split between the conscious and unconscious mind, the greater the likelihood of a neurotic, or in some cases, psychotic disorder. For Jung, then, psychological symptoms frequently signal the fact that our psyche is fragmented, unbalanced, and ill-adapted to reality. ... Identification with the specific persona (doctor, scholar, and politician) inhibits psychological development. ... By observing a gre...

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Ego: Psychological – The executive branch of our personality, which controls personality. ... This area of the personality is related to psychological rewards: pride and self-love, and punishment: guilt and inferiority. ... Most psychological functioning exists in this realm. ... Because narcissistic and borderline conditions are rooted from early phases in life the therapist works toward gaining a better understanding of where the disorder began. ...

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This has led to change not only her psychological behaviour, but also her association with her studies as a university graduate, that were also affected. ... Tumi has changed her behaviour and is dealing with a severe psychological condition that was present in her life. ... Compare and Contrast If Tumi had a friendly relationship with her mother and sister, she wouldn't be facing such psychological issues that were present in her life at this stage. ... Also, she could be facing a split personality disorder, in which she is seeing two behaviors of herself. ...

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People often confound psychology with psychiatry, which is a branch of medicine dedicated to the cure of mental disorders. ... A psychological school, known as behaviourism, maintains that human behaviour is a learned response to a stimulus, and consequently tried to establish learning as the central topic of psychology. ... Older ones have themselves originated branches that contribute to the variety of approaches that can be observed in the treatment of psychologically disturbed people. ...

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William Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory in Germany in 1879. ... Carl Wernicke (1848–1904) was fascinated about the findings of the up-and-coming neurosciences; for example, the linking of disordered language to the third anterior gyrus (Pillman, 2003). ...

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After graduating from the University of Vienna, with a degree in medicine, and a passion for science and therapeutic work, Freud set up a private practice and began studying and treating patients with various psychological disorders (Biography). ... Of course there are those who do not and those people need psychological help. ... James McGaugh, both of whom are Professors of Psychological Health. ...

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In "Civilization and its Discontents ", Freud tries to replace a metaphysical, idealistic framework with a psychological one. ... He states, "it is impossible to overlook the extent to which civilization is built upon a renunciation of instinct it is not easy to understand how it can deprive an instinct of satisfaction If the loss is not compensated for economically, one can be certain that serious disorders will ensure " (74). ... This in turn does not satisfy true happiness of an individual, according to Freud, which then leads to the psychological disorder from unsatisfied desires in civi...

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At the time of my work, the medical science was looking for biological causes of psychological events. I was trying to show that mental distress is psychological and social rather then physiological phenomena, and that psychological rather than physiological methods produced a possible solution in terms of a theory of the mind and method of treating disorders. ...

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In this chapter, I discovered the different characteristics of a person's mind and how one's personality acts and reacts to situations at hand. I learned that personality is the grouped system of typical responses to situations and actions, as well as one's thoughts and emotions, which make them un...

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He was the first one to suggest that psychological problems might have their roots in how children were treated. ... For example, people who were toilet-trained strictly and at an early age grow up to be intolerant of mess, disorder and anything that doesn't go by the rules of how things are supposed to be. ...

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Hyde, has been called a "perpetual masterpiece of psychological terror that sprang from the deepest crevices of Stevenson's own subconscious -- a nightmare from which his wife awakened him" (Lombardi). ... Jekyll stated, about his transformation, I felt younger, lighter, happier in body; within I was conscious of a heady recklessness, a current of disordered sensual images running like a millrace in my fancy, a solution of the bonds of obligation, an unknown but not an innocent freedom of the soul. ...

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Furthermore, this paper examines the psychological themes, motifs and symbols available in the story. ... The present study tries to apply traces of psychoanalysis in the short story "The Oval Portrait" using specific technical terms of Freudian psychoanalytics including complexes, obsessions and disorders in human beings : Death Drive or Thanatos, Life Drive or Eros, Melancholy, Displacement, Dream Work, Fixation, Guilt, Sublimation and Traumatic Neurosis; all of which will be defined and discussed in due order. ... Moreover, Poe is particularly important to the ongoing influence ...

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In the year 1885, he is given a government grant enabling him to spent 19 weeks in Paris to work with French neurologist Jean Charcot - director of the mental hospital, The Salpetriere - who tried to understand and treat nervous disorders, and most especially hysteria. ... To subordinate the pleasure principle to the reality principle, the individual has to go through a psychological process which Freud calls "sublimation", where you take desires that can not be fulfilled, or should not be fulfilled, and turn their energy into something useful and productive (ex: work, play sports...). ...

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The second part of Man's Search for Meaning looks into Frankl's psychological theory of Logotherapy. ... Some techniques of logotherapy are useful for phobias, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. ...

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