David Adams, a Professor of Philosophy at California State Polytechnic University, defines a hate crime as "instances of ordinary crimes done hatefully or prejudicially...when the offender has targeted a victim "because of" or "by reason of" race, religion, sexual identity, or gender" (par 11). ... For example, in the article "Racial Disparities in Hate Crime Reporting", Heather Zaykowski, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Massachusetts-Boston explains that "research indicates that minorities, particularly Black Americans, hold more negative attitud...

• Word Count: 1223
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate