As states began implementing the Three Strikes law, prison populations started to grow larger, which led to the contribution to mass incarceration. ... From 1991 to 2008 prison and jail populations doubled, Tonry (2014) stated, "prisons and jails in 1991 held 1,219,014 inmates. The rate was 481 per 100,000 populations. By 2008, the number of inmates nearly doubled to 2,308,390" (p.510). ... In contrast, adults 45 and over, who make up about one-third of the population, account for only 7 percent of arrests for serious crime" (p. 52). ...

• Word Count: 1188
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

Considering "aboriginals comprise 4.3% of the total Canadian population" (La Prairie, C. 2002), out of that "23% of federal inmates are aboriginal" (La Prairie, C. 2002). Also, only 3% of the total Canadian population is black while 9.5% of federal inmates today are black (an increase of 80% since 2003) (Zinger, I. 2013). ... The mentally ill make up 4% of the American population and account for 15% of state prisoners and 24% of jail inmates (Sweetland, H. 2014). ... In 2006, Solano was rebuilt to house 80,000 inmates, but ended up holding double that number (Stelloh, T. 20...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

African-Americans and Hispanics make up most of the prison population in America. ... This is a reason why there are so many minorities in the prison population today. ... And for the second group of judges that were racially biased, the sentencing for the blacks was double the rate of whites (Hartman, "End Racial Discrimination"). ... African Americans make up most of the population in the jails today. ... Population (Hartman, "End Racial Discrimination"). ...

• Word Count: 935
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Between the time of 1970's to early 1990's crime had quadrupled, property crime more than doubled over the same period. ... -Population density and degree of urbanization. ... - Variations in compositions of population and particularly youth concentration... Prison Population has been expanded, since the mid 1970's. 4. ... Authors have made a link between violent crimes and crack use 6.Changing in demographics of an aging population has been cited for the overall drop in crime. 7. ...

• Word Count: 1104
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

In the end the commission brought a plethora of information to the table regarding the needs and wishes of the Russian population for Catherine to act upon.[4] The commission addressed many issues of each class of Russian citizens. However, although many different groups were able to attend the commission, enslaved serfs, which composed 50% of the population was not allowed to attend, thus leaving their concerns unaddressed. ... Under the Legislative Commission Catherine met with the various classes of the Russian people in order to become familiar with the views of the general population. ...

• Word Count: 1192
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the end the commission brought a plethora of information to the table regarding the needs and wishes of the Russian population for Catherine to act upon.[4] The commission addressed many issues of each class of Russian citizens. However, although many different groups were able to attend the commission, enslaved serfs, which composed 50% of the population was not allowed to attend, thus leaving their concerns unaddressed. ... Under the Legislative Commission Catherine met with the various classes of the Russian people in order to become familiar with the views of the general population. ...

• Word Count: 1036
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Prison Overcrowding The prison population quadrupled from 1970 to 1990 (Clark). ... The war on drugs has caused a devastating increase in the population of prisons across the country (Overcrowding, Issues & Controversies). ... From 1970 to 1990, the population of federal and state prisons quadrupled (Clark). ... In 2002, the U.S. prison population broke two million (Overcrowding, Issues & Controversies). ... However, when taken to the Supreme Court, double bunking was not ruled unconstitutional (Methvin). ...

• Word Count: 1970
• Approx Pages: 8

The sentencing of death is claimed to have double standards based on these characteristics. ... The numbers are indeed higher but I don"t think that when people see these charts, they are considering the fact that the number of people and the percentages are close between the African Americans and the Caucasians, but African Americans only make up twelve percent of the population today. ... They say at www.coadp.org that there is a double standard for the rich and the poor. ...

• Word Count: 1200
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

He was sentenced to death after a double- kidnapping and murder in Tulsa, Oklahoma. ... The prison population is through the roof. ... If the death penalty was in place for a violent crime, the prison population would be down significantly, and the taxpayers would be significantly happier, thus less violent crimes in America. ...

• Word Count: 1380
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

(Long 25) With the use of hand guns the number of Americans who were under thirty-five has doubled within twenty years. ... (Levine 29) "Over the past twenty years, gun ownership in the United States has been on the rise-along with the population."" (Strahinich 3) This correlation shows that in no time soon will the death rates in America decrease because as the population increases, so does the amount of people with guns. ...

• Word Count: 1299
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Looking at girls who find their way into juvenile court populations, it is apparent that status offenses continue to play an important role in the character of girls" official delinquency. ... It appears that girls charged with these non-criminal status offenses have been and continue to be significantly "over-represented in court population." ...

• Word Count: 1850
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In many cases criminals share similar physical traits which the general population do not usually have. ... Loosing both his mother, and his father figure was like a double-catastrophe for LePine and he focused on this, which lead him to live a maladjusted life eventually killing himself and fourteen girls. ...

• Word Count: 1238
• Approx Pages: 5

According to ABC News, regardless of the newly seized 162,000 firearms by the British government "gun related crimes in the United Kingdom still managed to nearly double since after the gun ban was enacted" (ABCNews.go.com). ... Overall, I agree with John Stossel's viewpoints, as long as the firearms are responsibly handled, our second amendment right benefits the United States population in general. ...

• Word Count: 1102
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reveals that between 1999 and 2000, homicides committed by youths under the age of 18 more than doubled. ... If punishments were made more severe, the use of illegal drugs and alcohol among the juvenile population who commit crimes would also decrease, as shown proven in a 1995 Annual Report on Drug's and Alcohol published by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Colombia University. ...

• Word Count: 973
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

This translates into a range of negative beliefs about the Criminal Justice System, including 25% of the population believing the Probation Services do a poor or very poor job'. ... The renowned, punitive minded Mr Michael Howard, former Home Secretary, bought about great changes to the Criminal Justice system, with his lock-em up' beliefs which saw the prison population swelling dramatically from 44,506 prisoners in1993 to a present day total of 74,000, costing hundreds of thousands of pounds to British tax payers through the building of new prisons, employing and training extra p...

• Word Count: 2366
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

To preserve validity and protect their study against the dangers of self-report surveys, the researchers used methods to double-check responses. ... " The subjects who participated in the self-administered questionnaire were selected from students in mostly entry-level courses because these courses were open to all majors and most accurately represented the entire population of the university. ... Random sampling is most often used while collecting subjects for an experiment because it is the best way to accurately gather representation from the entire population. ...

• Word Count: 1862
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

From the study conducted by Sproule and Kennett the rate of violent crimes was five times greater in the U.S than Canada, and "almost double the rate of firearm use in American than Canadian homicides" (32-33). ...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

The relationships between monthly violent crimes and environmental factors followed by monthly and seasonal cycles, weather, population, and unemployment for the city in 1987 (Parry and Simpson 1987). ... There are also regional variation between Canada and the United States, for example, the U.S rates for homicide, aggregated assault and robbery are double the rates in Canada in 2000 (Gannon 2001). ...

• Word Count: 1863
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

White populations vote 81% for capital punishment and blacks only 53% (Doan, 2). ... A study by the New York State Defenders Association showed that the cost of a capital trial ALONE is more than double the cost of life imprisonment. ...

• Word Count: 2255
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

Social Control Theories take a sort of opposite approach from other theories in criminology. They start by asking why most people do not commit crimes rather then why they do commit them. They focus on restraining or controlling factors that are broken or missing inside the personalities of criminal...

• Word Count: 2364
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What is community policing? Community policing is a working partnership with a community that helps make the environment a better place to live in. This partnership with the community has goals such as reducing neighborhood crime, helping to reduce fear of crime and enhancing the quality of life ...

• Word Count: 2236
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

He believes that structural violence is a certain way of describing arrangements that are made within society that place people and populations in harm's way. ... Other studies involving America and their infant mortality rate, have found black babies rate to be double that of white babies, and the infant mortality rate overall in America is far higher than in any other developed country. ...

• Word Count: 2235
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Nor does it mean that it cannot be imposed on Australians traveling overseas, as illustrated by the double execution of Barlow and Chambers who were hanged in Malaysia on 7 July 1986 for drug trafficking.( Rehav, Giroa (1989), 'Homicide and Death Penalty: A Cross-sectional Time Series Analysis', International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, Spring, 7,1, 61-71.) ... Indeed, trends in Australia from 1965 to 1985 demonstrate an increasing number of homicide cases being reported to the police, but since the figures are rising more slowly than the population, the homi...

• Word Count: 2841
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On balance, they show that there is nothing to be gained from reducing the general level of gun ownership. (3) A thorough review of 18 studies of the effects of gun availability among potential victims and criminals found that the overall effect on criminal violence was zero. (4) In one study, researchers found no significant differences in total robbery rates between cities where guns were widely available and cities where they were not; in cities with fewer firearms, armed robbers simply used other weapons. (5) The best available evidence, based on at least eight national surveys of the gene...

• Word Count: 5482
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School