Justice is what is seen as our response to the harms witnessed as ingratitude. ... When thoughts of "justice" were pondered in Ancient Greece, early students of Socrates accepted actions that were to the benefit of friends and detriment of enemies as the standard definition of justice (Plato I.332b). ... It would seem that to Machiavelli, justice is a duty owed to the republic more strongly than a duty owed to another person (D III.36.292). ... A free republic cannot be maintained on the notion of justice that one ought not to harm one's benefactors. This truth cannot operate a...

• Word Count: 2733
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.) was a Greek philosopher and one of Plato's most famous students. During his time at Plato's academy, Plato's thinking and his philosophical approach to politics and the economy heavily influenced Aristotle (Tannenbaum, D., 2012, pg. 33). It was through these teachings that Aristotle not only honed his philosophical skills, but also formed his own opinion on life, justice, politics, and the nature of man. ... In one of his later works, On Duties, Cicero speaks to the purpose of virtue and loyalty needed to run an effective republic. ...

• Word Count: 681
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

If happiness for Plato is to achieve justice through maximizing our potentials, and Aristotle wants servants to leave the decision of their future in their master's hands; St. ... As an example, during the time of the Roman Republic two consuls (the highest seat of political power) were elected by the people every year. ...

• Word Count: 3044
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School