Europeans established settlements in colonial coastal enclaves before the late nineteenth century. ... Efforts by colonial governments to build closer ties between metro-pole and empire after 1945 also remade urban space. ... To the British, French, and Germans, the primary colonizing nations, the individual needs of their colonial subjects were not important. Instead the desire to vertically integrate the colonies of Europe by controlling production from start to finish became the overriding goal of colonial agents. ... Industrialization in the creating scene will be specifically related alon...

• Word Count: 2178
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

They had become plantation owners on a relatively large scale. By 1789 the affranchis owned one-third of the plantation property, one-quarter of the real estate property and one-quarter of the slaves on Saint Domingue (Fick 1990, p. 19). ... In order to maintain superiority the plantation owners employed harsh tactics. Saint Domingue was renowned for its brutality; its reputation was such that in the rest of the Americas it was a common threat to slaves to sell them to Saint Domingue if they did not cooperate (Corbett). ... The grand blancs were the first to act by forming the Colonial Co...

• Word Count: 2159
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography

Timeline: Spirits in the Colonial Period 1300 (France)- Arnald of Villanova, a professor at the French medical school of Montpellier, who made the instructions for wine distillation. 1386 (France)- Charles II was struck with fever and paralysis, so they used distillation of wine as a medicine. 1405 (Ireland)- Richard MacRagh died after drinking the water of life to excess. 1478 (Germany)- First printed book about distillation was written by Micheal Puff von Schrick. 1496 (Germany)- People began the process of distilling wine on their own. 1679 (Africa West Coast)- Rum and spirits rose h...

• Word Count: 2292
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School