I will attempt to analyze Plato's use of irony throughout the Apology and look at various modern day philosophers' points of view on the subject. Socrates is known as one of the greatest philosophers of all time, but he never actually wrote any of his thoughts down on paper. ... The meaning of the method Plato uses through Socrates to convey his message to his audience has been debated by philosophers for years and while most of them agree on the use of irony in the Apology they don't agree on the extent or the type of irony. ... He details some of the reasons that he feels tha...

• Word Count: 2531
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"11 Under Divine command theory, philosophers have considered that 'there is nothing adequate for basing morality on,'12 and that the existence of evil entails God could be commanding all acts to be morally good as He is omnipotent (i.e. even murder). ...

• Word Count: 2979
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He was merely a great philosopher that set out to open the minds of others as he questioned them, in order to make them think of things that were unthought of. ... It is my belief that Socrates already knew that he didn't want to escape but he couldn't past up what could be his last opportunity do what he does as a philosopher and that was speak about philosophy. ...

• Word Count: 2519
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

Philosophers often struggle to define justice – what it is, who controls it, and who suffers or benefits from it. ... Plato shows the first distinction in the two philosopher's theories on justice by presenting justice as a conflict through two different people in Euthyphro. ...

• Word Count: 2577
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

., philosophers like Plato and Aristotle studied the art of rhetoric, and realized its true linguistic power. ... The more ethical, responsible view held by the ancient philosophers is increasingly ignored and dismissed as idiocy. ... At the peak of the Grecian empire, philosophers recognized rhetoric's true purpose was to lead to truth. ... However, philosophers, especially the expert rhetorician Plato, recognized this as not the best and most noble use of rhetoric. ...

• Word Count: 4544
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Rhetoricians, and most notably the Sophists, were believers in nomos. Philosophers, for example Plato, were believers in Physis. Nomos is loosely translated as LAW; while PHYSIS is loosely translated as nature. Those who believed in NOMOS argued that reality, and therefore human understanding of tha...

• Word Count: 3636
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Cheryl Glenn, a professor at Oregon State University explains, "for the past 2500 years in Western culture, the ideal women has been disciplined by cultural codes that require a closed mouth (silence), a closed body (chastity), and an enclosed life (domestic confinement)".1 In Athenian society women could easily fit into this described mold. Women were domesticated and kept at home to attend to household duties. They were silent supporters of their men and stayed on the sidelines while their male counterparts took part in politics and other public activities. Xanthippe, Socrates'...

• Word Count: 2630
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

Cheryl Glenn, a professor at Oregon State University explains, "for the past 2500 years in Western culture, the ideal women has been disciplined by cultural codes that require a closed mouth (silence), a closed body (chastity), and an enclosed life (domestic confinement)".1 In Athenian society women could easily fit into this described mold. Women were domesticated and kept at home to attend to household duties. They were silent supporters of their men and stayed on the sidelines while their male counterparts took part in politics and other public activities. Xanthippe, Socrates'...

• Word Count: 2630
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

Chrysippus, a well-known stoic who lived in ancient Greece, believed in determinism through causality. He justified moral responsibility through his view of compatibilism, whereby we may be praised or blamed for our actions because they are ultimately in our power. But it's important to start with the basis for Stoic determinism. This is contrary to those of the Epicureans that held a libertarian view of free will. Instead, the Stoics argue for a logical connection between all things. ...

• Word Count: 2938
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School