Another topic of debate regarding the 4th Amendment also has to do with schools, this time dealing with random drug testing. In June of 2001, the Supreme Court ruled that drug testing for students in extracurricular activities was in fact constitutional. The American Civil Liberties Union argues that testing students for any drug is wrong: It violates their Fourth Amendment rights. ... (Infotrac.com, Article 3) If these tests are random, it throws out the rules concerning probable cause and allows students who abstain from drugs to be tested, and their privacy to be violated. Many peopl...

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Fore example there have been several questions on standardized test given by the government where there is simply no answer to. ... I also don't agree with all of the standardized testing that takes place with Common Core. Teachers will or have started teaching to the test so it appears like everyone knows what they are doing. ... People learn and think in different ways. I don't think that by making standards and restrictions we will see an improvement in test scores around the country. ...

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The Fourth Amendment protects "the privacy and security of people's house's, papers and against unreasonable searches and seizures" (Barton pg. 2). ... When the court tries to determine what constitutes a "search", they usually refer to the Katz test. The Katz test was established on a previous court case involving warrant less eavesdropping. ... The dissent also believed that the Katz test was not applicable in this case. ... In general, the dissenting opinion differed from the majority opinion in the usage of the Katz test as a legal standard. ...

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• Grade Level: High School

Immigrants to the United States have played an important role in the implementation of laws and the overall reshaping of our government. With an ever increasing need to legally protect immigrants and an new and powerful uprising of civil right concerns, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was established to outlaw discrimination of all ethnic, religious, and racial groups. This Act was immediately implemented in schools, places of employment, government facilities and all public places. Almost ten years after the passing of this Act, the trial of Lau v. Nichols (1925) would bring about radical change...

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Amendment 10 states that, "the powers not delegated to the United Sates by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people, " in other words, anything not specified in the United States Constitution is jurisdiction of the States. ... A big factor that many people do not think of when it comes to education is lobbying, a type of legal bribery. ... One would think that with such a dramatic increase, test scores of students would have increased as well, but that is not the case. ... People continue to pay more and more money to this ...

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After the war was over the American people knew what it felt like to finally be free. ... Abraham Lincoln, striving only for the people's equal rights, described best what impact the war would have on the nation when he said, "Now we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether our nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure."... It was truly a test of the heart of the United States as to whether or not it could overcome such a trying time. ... It seemed as if people had forgotten how and why they had become a nation in the first place. ... Lincoln challen...

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The first Amendment of the United States Constitution, as ratified on December 15, 1791, declares that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." ... In order to determine this, we turn to the clear and present danger test as developed in Schenck v. ... When applying the clear and present danger test, one must look at the present circumstances of both the nation ...

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People of minority status encompassed a broad spectrum of individuals. ... But as the basis for imposing discriminatory legal remedies that work against innocent people, societal discrimination is insufficient and overexpansive. ... David Sullivan, a white sophomore at Boston Latin School said, "People should be able to get in based on how smart they are, not the color of their skin. ... A comprehensive statewide test was given to all 10th graders in Wisconsin. "These tests cover knowledge and concepts in reading, math, science, and social studies. ...

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The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution says: "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.... The current standard in courts at that time was the "Aguilar/Spinelli" tests, where the court would examine the informant's "basis of knowledge" and would require some evidence o...

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Gun Control essay John Lithgow once theorized on "Third Rock from the Sun" that due to the kinetic energy propelling a bullet and the subsequent friction exerted on the body by that bullet that "guns don't kill people, physics kills people." ... In 1994, the United States led the nations with 14.24 gun-related deaths per 100, 000 people (Carter). ... Literally, it states: A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. ... Neglecting the facts that guns physically kill people and ins...

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All prostitutes and brothels must be licensed and the brothels must provide the prostitutes with personal doctors who test all of the prostitutes for sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV tests are done on a monthly basis and condoms are mandatory. ... [The Constitution] is made for people of fundamentally differing views, and the accident of our finding certain opinions natural and familiar or novel and even shocking ought not to conclude our judgment upon the question whether statutes embodying them conflict with the Constitution of the United States.6 What Mr. ...

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But for some people these questions still remain to be answered. These answers are what make life here make sense for some of these people. Who might these people be? ... "Asian Americans" have been put through many tests to see whether they are worthy of the "honor" of being a true blue American. ... America the land of the free; the land of the great; the land of the people, what kind people do we represent? ...

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Many people feel that this system is outdated, unfair and/or biased; that it should be replaced with the popular voting system. ... Therefore, one electoral vote in California represented more people's popular votes than did all three electoral votes for the state of Alaska. ... Judith Best announced to the House Committee on the Judiciary on September 4, 1997 that, "No election system is perfect, but the current system has borne the test of time. ... It also allows average and less educated people to vote for themselves, which politicians of the 1700's would have found prepostero...

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But then summons all his strengths and burst his cords and bonds with a mighty effort, and the radicals flee in disorder to the capitol setting out to make new laws stronger than the old, which will break in turn at the first test." ... "I would be willing to delay indefinitely...the final action of the House upon this question, if I were fully assured that the president from this time forth would have respect to the obligations of the law , and not undertake to usurp the authority of this government on defiance of the peoples constitution and the peoples laws...Whatever ...

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The Supreme Court has don well to retain the respect of the American people and to see its reputation grow for nearly two centuries. ... Testing the limits of Power The Constitution played a unique role in the Supreme Court's development: ,It allocated and regulated power within the federal government, divided power between the federal and state governments, and restricted the power of the federal and state governments operation was unclear. ... As the nation entered the 20th century, guarding the peoples" rights against the government became the Supreme Court's most important ro...

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Letting God Back In As long as there were test that I forgot to study for I was praying in high school. ... "Congress shall make no law representing an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or of the right of the people to peacefully assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." ... Unnfortunatly some people don't see things in that perspective. ... In a reason poll put out by a site on the internet, 5826 people cast their opinion on this question. ... Its sad to know th...

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He argued for federalism to prevent tyranny; by which states could serve as testing grounds for new policies and programs. Federalists also felt that any concentration of power would work to the disadvantage of the people. ... (5) The two levels of government exercise direct authority at the same time over people in their territory. Dual citizenship exists under federalism, and people can claim a wide range of rights and privileges from both state and national governments (Drake, 2002, 1). ...

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Supreme Court has not reviewed a physician-assisted suicide case, which would create precedent, constitutes a dilemma for the state courts in that there is no uniform test or ruling by which to decide. ... The case which Michigan judges cite in refusing this linkage of criminality is the People of the State of Michigan v. ... The American people are notoriously weary of it's implementation, as can be seen in the case of capital punishment. ...

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Hamilton was strongly opinionated to believing that the real test of a government was its tendency and aptitude to produce a well working administration. ... His nominees were able to be rejected and opposed by Congress which prevents the appointment of people with incapable character from holding office. ... Though The Federalist Papers did not motivate people to adopt the Constitution, it supplied them with the most authoritative interpretation of the Constitution. ...

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Senator Baker went on to say,Alcohol is the oil of conversation that puts a song in the hearts and laughter on people's lips, magnifies joy and happiness. ... Young people, for better or worse, feel omnipotent and need to test the world when they break away from their dependent parental relationship. How easy is it for young people to run rings around rules?? ... Drinking among young people is not about the exquisite taste of fine wines, but a rebelling against the Puritan mind-set of this country. ... At first, my friend would be alarmed that people in the United States would be ...

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The second amendment which reads, "A Well Regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.... The members of the minutemen were never really about being individual but saw that they were a part of a larger group of people who all shared the same goal. ... It was the first test of the radical potential of the militia after the Revolutionary war. The Revolutionary war had taken a toll on the American economy and had cause the American government to place heavier tax on the people. ... The Federalists ...

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Marches, protesting, and demonstrations took place in the South, while in the North many people were not fully aware of what was taking place because the lack of news coverage. ... The people who enforced segregation and encouraged racism were also the ones who were suppose to enforce the constitution. ... The New York Times defended that they had no reason to feel that the statements were false because many people signed it. ... "Justice Brennan's proposal was that an official who sues for libel be required to meet such a demanding test I order to preserve First Amendment valu...

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People who spoke against the government either bowed to the pressure or were punished because of this act. ... Assembly Freedom of Assembly allows people to assemble peacefully. ... The government can stop people from associating in groups that do and promote illegal activities. ...

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The First Amendment is part of America's Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution. It is the first 10 amendments. Amendments are rights that we didn't add to the constitution. There were two groups, The Federalists and Anti-Federalists. The Federalists wanted the Constitutio...

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McKay states that by the mid 1960's the Presidential office had grown enormously in power, and the pressures imposed by the Vietnam War and a declining economy tested the office to the full. ... The executive office, staffed by 2000 people, consists of the Whitehouse office, the office of administration, the office of management and the budget, policy development and the national security council. ...

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