Lipset and Rokkan's theory of absence of strong social cleavages, which in turn, non post-communist parties have no organisational basis for support. With the creation of so many new parties, it also gives way to extreme fragmentation e.g. ... Countries were used to conflictual rather than consensual relations with other parties, therefore coalitions proved to be unstable, and the obvious problem of society itself and the communists who had felt hard done by, and did not want this change, causing conflict in society and effecting political issues such as political participation. ... T...

• Word Count: 3450
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It seems Canada's opposition parties haven't learned from history that the Liberals can only be ousted from power by coalitions promising the moderation and compromise that Canadians have always preferred. The Chrétien Government has now won three consecutive majorities, and seems likely to continue to enjoy its success, making it arguably the most successful party amongst the democracies of the twentieth century. ... Parties and their leaders are in the business of winning elections, and the Liberals have done just that, occupying government for sixty-nine and a half out of...

• Word Count: 2642
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction The recent adoption of the anti-gay propaganda law and annexation of Crimea have put Russia back into the international spotlight. A possible explanation for its controversial policy decisions could be the fact that the country is characterized by an undemocratic political system. After the fall of the Iron Curtain and the collapse of the Soviet-Union, many former Soviet satellite states changed into a democratic regime. Also for Russia there was good hope that the country would finally embrace democracy after 70 years of communism. Democracy is mostly seen by Western scholars as,...

• Word Count: 4175
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

In Athens there was an equilibrium reached between the centralizing and unifying ideals of individual and sate, and freedom and order. ... The control of the state was in the hands of the people and decisions of the state were reached by the mass of people. ... Politics is the art of reaching decisions by public discussion and then of obeying those decisions as a necessary condition of civilized social existence. (Finley, 13) Politics is the act of reaching decisions by public majority. ... Simple majority of those present, and everyone present was given the ability to participate by taking th...

• Word Count: 3536
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The westernized view of political success or democracy is still in reach but Iraqi citizens must overcome a number of problems before it can be effectively achieved. ... These groups are causing constant chaos, which makes it harder difficult for political parties to attempt to rebuild any infrastructure that remains after the ruling of Sadam Hussein. ... First, when the elections occurred in 2005 none of the parties who ran candidates for election had the majority vote. ... This creates a problem for the new Democratic government of Iraq because if they cannot either find a way for all of th...

• Word Count: 3028
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Architectural power was utilized as a form of propaganda by which "charismatic leadership, circumventing intermediary social and political institutions like parliaments, parties, and interest groups, gains direct hold upon the masses". ... The reclamation of the Pontine marshes was imperative to the fascist party in Italy because one of the central symbols of the regime was to convert wild nature into productive nature. ...

• Word Count: 2776
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The word "democracy," as well as the concept it represents, can be traced back to the area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The beginnings of democracy can be credited to the Greeks of the sixth century BC. The word comes from two Greek words: demos, meaning "the people," and kratein, meaning "to rule." These two words are joined together to form democracy, literally meaning, "rule by the people" (Pious). The Greek system of government was perhaps closer to a true democracy or rule by the people than any other in history. ...

• Word Count: 3560
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although it is predicted that the economic growth will continue to rise in 2013, the real GDP only reached 2.4% in 2012. ... Growing convinced that democracy still means they face little prospect of good jobs or vibrant growth, and that the parties and leaders who replaced despots are themselves corrupt, could spark a new surge in extremist recruitment targeting these individuals. ...

• Word Count: 3677
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

" This issue has even reached the highest court in the land. ... Supreme Court upheld an Indiana law requiring a government-issued photo ID in order to cast a ballot(Political Parties & Elections, p.157-158). ...

• Word Count: 2524
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography

Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORY 2 3 DEMOCRATIZATION PROCESS 4 3.1 HOW TO SPREAD DEMOCRACY 4 3.2 SECURITY INTERESTS IN SEEING DEMOCRATIZATION SPREAD 5 3.3 DEMOCRATIZATION PROGRAMS 6 4 REASONS FOR NOT SPREADING DEMOCRACY 8 4.1 INTRODUCTION 8 4.2 POLITICAL ASPECTS 8 4.3 E...

• Word Count: 3715
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography