While the shift to landscape painting in Europe at about the same time was seen as a move away from the more eminent topics of historical painting, in America the representation of landscape by the Hudson River School was understood as a form of historical painting in which the landscape was filled with culturally rich iconographic and symbolic meaning. ... It combines the different steps of America's steady shift from wilderness to civilization into one single picture. ...

• Word Count: 3252
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although a lull in the tensions between the two was welcome, the shift towards parity between the two nations was difficult for a country with a historically absolutist and moralistic worldview toward international affairs. ...

• Word Count: 3059
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate