Philosopher Evelyn Pluhar notes the sharp distinction most humans wish to draw between racist and sexist bigotry and that of speciesism when she writes "Racism and sexism are plainly irrational because they do not discriminate on the basis of morally relevant differences. ... For as Pluhar notes, whether one being prefers to read the newspaper, or have his back scratched seems irrelevant to a certain being's moral consideration, and capacity for pleasure and pain of each. ... Pluhar notes the most common and newest formulation by such writers to make a clear and distinct boundary to cut o...

• Word Count: 2741
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Soul are in many respects sensitive to ways of speaking and thinking about the soul [psuchê] that are not specifically philosophical or theoretical. We therefore begin with what the word 'soul' meant to speakers of Classical Greek, and what it would have been natural to think about and associate with the soul. Psyche Although willing to provide a common account of the soul in these general terms, Aristotle devotes most of his energy in De Anima to detailed investigations of the soul's individual capacities or faculties, which he first lists as nutrition, perception, and mi...

• Word Count: 5237
• Approx Pages: 21
• Grade Level: High School

Parens notes the harsh conformity imposed by society to the point that "sufferings that are due, not to some departure from species-typical functioning, but rather to some attitude or practice of society that is morally troubling' . . .Sufferings due to norms whose content is ste...

• Word Count: 2796
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Let us say that it is now six fifty nine in the morning and this person starts work at eight o"clock and in order to get to work on time they have to be up by seven o"clock at the latest, I suppose we should also note that being late for work is not an option, if you are late you go home. ...

• Word Count: 3547
• Approx Pages: 14

In what would be characteristically seen as intrinsically manifested throughout the areas of existentialism, this idea of suffering, its components, as well as its distinctiveness on the part of the feebleness of human life becomes a common and usual conception for Kierkegaard, so as not to be consi...

• Word Count: 3547
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate