With distinct notes hammered into the surface. ... Trinidadians began using discarded fifty-five gallon oil drums, which were hammered, concave, trimmed, and heated to make the material more durable to retain notes in tune, and then it was hammered from the underside to create convex notes on the concave surface. ... As this beautiful instrument evolved into a melodic instrument from a rhythm instrument the drum makers discovered that they could add notes. Notes were added to the pan to cover the sounds necessary for a particular song. ... Pan is beginning to be standardized but still the ...

• Word Count: 831
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

They make note that the Egyptian art is separated from the African art because part historians viewed Egypt as a separate culture that had little contact with or influence from the rest of the continent. The museum does note that times and attitudes are changing and that mostly black scholars have pushed for Egypt to be recognized as an advanced African civilization that has customs and language patterns similar to western and sub-Saharan Africa. ...

• Word Count: 533
• Approx Pages: 2

Walker also made charges specifically against Thomas Jefferson refuting ideas expressed by Jefferson in Notes on the State of Virginia. ... Thomas Jefferson in 1785 wrote Notes on the State of Virginia, whereupon speaking about slavery and the African race, he wrote that the Africans were "inferior". ...

• Word Count: 839
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is also important to note that there can also be some positive impacts of imperialism which can create more structured and stronger political and organized government. ... In addition, it can also lead to long term consequences such as plague, famine, and crisis As saying go, "An eye for an eye would only ends up making the whole world blind" by Gandhi, it is essential to note that if one country were to pointing their sword at another it would only make them to have more turmoil and inconsistency. ...

• Word Count: 814
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Indeed, it is unfeasible to say who did and who did not, as any logical observer would note. ... While perhaps the ideas that Mazuri presents are perhaps worthy of noting or discussion, we find that there are many unanswered questions in the issue - the risks of the distribution process outweigh potential benefits. ... Also worth noting is the idea that "those nations most responsible for slavery are unable to pay for it, such as Belgium and Portugal, while relatively benign countries like Great Britain are economic powers in Europe" (Mazrui,22). ...

• Word Count: 1457
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The article about the Maasai demonstrates "Cognitive Culture" in several aspects. First of all is their identity as "true Africans" that springs from the belief of their "purity", unlike other cultures places in Africa like Kenya or Tanzania that experience an immense influence from Western culture...

• Word Count: 460
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Mills also notes that, often there is a debate about what that value really is and about what it is that really threatens it. ... Postman notes, even though new shows show us daily pieces of tragedy and brutality they are still seen more for amusement and pleasure. ...

• Word Count: 934
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The born free USA Organization shares a similar point of view by noting that, during the past 22 years, the population of the African lion (Panthera Leo) has declined by 48.5% and its range has been reduced to a mere 22%. ... Murphy (70) notes that the African lion can tolerate a range of habitats, but mainly they reside in the savanna and woodland areas in the Southern African region. ...

• Word Count: 1416
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If you had a teacher who, for some unknown reason, thought talking disrupted the learning process, then you passed notes. ... You would be hard-pressed to be able to get away with talking in class and still take detailed enough notes to help you to pass the finals. ...

• Word Count: 916
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

"The Lesson" by Toni Cade Bambara, tell us that children tend not to be naturally aware of inequality; they must come to this knowledge through experience. This short story is about a young poverty-stricken girl named Sylvia, and the experiences she has on her field trip to F.A.O. Schwarz. Can a...

• Word Count: 490
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

Slavery and Freedom in the Atlantic World: Reflections on the Diasporan Framework by Thomas C. Holt The author, Thomas C. Holt, contends that to completely understand the history of Africans in the Americas, it is imperative to take a global approach not only to comprehend the overall black ex...

• Word Count: 613
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In this quote, Dangarembga makes note that Nyasha's parents are not to blame for their controlling demeanor, because the settlers also oppressed them during colonization. ... It is imperative to note that the concept of education leading to social freedom in Africa is misleading. ...

• Word Count: 1640
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The cities are home to more than half of the world's population, and the "reports note that one billion urban inhabitants live in inadequate housing, mostly in the slums and squatter settlements in developing countries" ("Cost, Benefits"). ...

• Word Count: 899
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography

(Note: the mentioned diseases were quoted from Liberties Lost written by Hilary Beckles and Verene Shepherd) Another prime example of cruelty towards the enslaved Africans was that the Europeans had no tolerance for sick or disease ridden Africans and they threw any to almost all Africans over-board who they thought were not fit to remain on the ship Europeans, to a certain extent got pleasure in murdering and torturing slaves during the middle passage. ...

• Word Count: 670
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the latest spurt of human multiplication, it's interesting to note that in the past two years "all but 3 percent [of human population] growth has taken place in developing countries- (Engleman et al. 3). ...

• Word Count: 758
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A quote from Kevin, taken from his suicide note written moments before he gassed himself: " I have got to a point where the pain of life overrides the joy to the point that joy doesn't exist I am haunted by vivid memories of killing & corpses & anger & pain" ...

• Word Count: 816
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

Mario Vargas Llosa, the Peruvian novelist, notes that "In New York I have always felt that I was at the center of the world, in a modern Babylon, a sort of Borgesian aleph with representation of all the languages, religions, and cultures of the planet, and from which there circulate to the globe all fashions and vices, values and nonvalues, usages, customs, music, images and prototypes resulting from the incredible mixtures in this city"(393). ...

• Word Count: 911
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Now it is important to note, that European superiority and racism emerged from Western Christianity due to the fact that most of the African states had followed their own traditional beliefs which created the strong need for Europeans to convert Africans to Christianity in order to civilize the "souls." ... In the preceding paragraphs, where the motivating factors were listed, it would be imperative to note the mindset of colonial minds that allowed for racial thinking to emerge. ...

• Word Count: 2491
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

At this point, it is also important to note that FGM/FC is a cultural practice, not a religious one. ... It is also important to note, though, that the psychological consequences can be very harsh for unmutilated/uncircumcised females also. ...

• Word Count: 2538
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

At this point, it is also important to note that FGM/FC is a cultural practice, not a religious one. ... It is also important to note, though, that the psychological consequences can be very harsh for unmutilated/uncircumcised females also. ...

• Word Count: 2538
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Throughout the late twentieth century, South Africa was a country devoid of many of the freedoms that we in the United States take for granted. In 1948 South Africa instituted one of the most morally repulsive policies in international history. Apartheid, as it was called, ignored the human rights of more than half of the country's population. It ordered a strict and conformist code of separation on its black citizens. The black community in South Africa could no longer live, work, or enjoy innumerable parts of South Africa. ...

• Word Count: 3760
• Approx Pages: 15

Mountain gorillas are descendants of ancestral monkeys and apes found in Africa and Arabia during the start of the Oligocene epoch, which was approximately 34-24 million years ago. The fossil record provides evidence of the hominoid primates found in East Africa about 18-22 million years ago. Th...

• Word Count: 909
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Many ancient scholars believed Africa had no history prior to colonialism because there was no documented evidence. Professor A.P. Newton, who was a distinguished British historian in the early 20th century, believed that there was no African history because most of the African society was illiterat...

• Word Count: 1278
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Timbuktu is a city in the western African country of Mali located on the southern edge of the Saharan Desert. It was founded in about 1100 CE as a seasonal nomad camp. Timbuktu translates as "the place of Buktu". Timbuktu is located about 20 kilometers north of the Niger River and is populated by Su...

• Word Count: 988
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography

When one imagines the trans-Atlantic slave trade, it is easy to see the typical vision of European men probing the wilds of Africa for selections of potential slaves. Though this is what frequently comes to mind, this mental image is not entirely accurate. History often likes to portray all Africans...

• Word Count: 1258
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate