The outer circle, which includes countries where English is not the native tongue but used as an additional language and is important for historical reasons or plays a part in the nation's institutions, either as an official language or otherwise. ... The start of this debate dates back to the 1980s when, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the British Council a volume entitled English in the World: Teaching and Learning the Language and Literature was published. ... In his 1985 paper, Quirk points out that "The relatively narrow range of purposes for which the non-native needs...

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