First, he discusses the "old Islam" brought over with the slaves. ... In the first chapter, titled "Muslims in a Strange Land: American Muslim Slaves in America", Turner describes for the reader the early evolution of Islam among blacks in West Africa. He also describes how that same brand of "old Islam" would follow African Slaves across the Atlantic to the shores of North America. ... North African Muslims helped plant the seeds for West African Islam through their encounters with sub-Saharan Africans by way of a slave trade. ... Turner mentions this to highlight how these slaves still had ...

• Word Count: 3585
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography

The book was focused on the primitive modern sense of what it meant to be an African-American during the Harlem Renaissance. ... Georgia forces the mixed-race Kabnis, who could be an allusion to Toomer himself, to confront the African-American past. ... The earth becomes a symbol of the south – home to the African-American people. ... Orlando Patterson noted that this tradition was forced upon slaves to mark the morning of their own death: 'the shorn head of a slave was a permanent condition of liminality and that he the slave must forever mourn his own death'.20 Toomer uses t...

• Word Count: 3347
• Approx Pages: 13

It is important to note that very little information is available on Mbaye because of his isolated location in Africa. It is known that he has a passion for historical theatre, he created small versions of theatres and plays in boxes and puts situations on stage that belong to Senegal and typically uses strong symbolism, found objects and geometric motifs which is an integral part African aesthetics and the rhythm that forms it. ... Betye Saar Betye Irene Saar was born in 1926 in Los Angeles, she is an American artist known for her part in the black arts movement in the 1970s, in her work sh...

• Word Count: 3101
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Twain is controversial primarily due to the provocative and oftentimes incendiary nature of his depiction of African Americans. ... The land of the free (except for slaves) and the home of the brave (and extremely violent and repressive) inculcated racial myths within Clemens during his antebellum childhood on the Mississippi that were slowly fractured, but never completely expunged, as he matured intellectually. ... Violence and oppression on the part of slave masters in the form of forced separation, imprisonment, beatings, rape and murder kept slaves in a continual state of submission ...

• Word Count: 3141
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These theories have a devastating impact that effects the African American and Black South African population. ... Statistically comparable, in South Africa there is an estimated 4.8 million people infected with HIV. ... Further, this study compared beliefs among Black South Africans and African Americans. ... Secondly, this study will compare and contrast conspiracy theories among Black South Africans and African Americans. ... Astonishingly, the numbers show that 54 percent of African Americans believed that the disease is a form of genocide aimed particularly at African Americans. ...

• Word Count: 9660
• Approx Pages: 39
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Walt Whitman(1819-1892), broke the literary tradition of his time with regards to content, form and style of his vigorous verse. Emily Dickinson (1830-1886), while living a life of seclusion, was very audacious mentally, revealing a complex psyche struggling to press her inner conflicts, which she i...

• Word Count: 2619
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate