This is perhaps due to the fact that Poland had a "moderately conciliatory communist regime ready to tolerate some opposition activity and permitting a modicum of economic and political liberalization-(Kitshelt et al, 1999,387), the reason for this is that most Poles were devout Catholics; given the explicit humanism and atheism of communists, it becomes even more obvious why they never achieved popular legitimacy in Poland (Holmes, 1997,69). ...

• Word Count: 3450
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Those three presidents being so closely involved with the new government helped choose the Congress members, so there was very little difference of opinion between the two branches, other than two amendments most of the government policy remained static. ... Presidential politics became national and very popular, and as a result it gave way to changes in the nomination process that gave more local control to the average voter by having national nominating conventions, and replacing the caucus system of the previous era. ...

• Word Count: 3055
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Essay Question 1: How has the Arab Spring fundamentally changed Middle Eastern society and the evolution of future politics in the region? The implications of this movement have resulted in a global impact that crosses borders, oceans and continents, significantly affecting the social, political, a...

• Word Count: 3677
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It has many meanings and has turned up in surprising places--the Spain of General Franco, the Greece of the colonels, the Pakistan of the generals, the Eastern Europe of the commissars--usually prefaced by some qualifying adjective such as "guided," "basic," "organic," "popular," or the like, which serves to dilute, deflect, or even to reverse the meaning of the word. ... With the growing success of democracy in the United States and in other countries throughout the world, democracy became more and more popular. ...

• Word Count: 3560
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Romania - a Special Case - Corruption, Deficiencies of the Party System, Authoritarianism - Not quite two years before local elections, one and a half years before parliamen-tary elections and two years before presidential elections, Romania seems to be standing at a crossroads. Thus, the ruling post-communists, the Romanian Social Democrats (PSD) of prime-minister and PSD party leader Adrian Nastase have to decide on how to continue the required political, social and economic transforma-tion process. Can they afford social unrest due to required reforms of the eco-nomic and social sys...

• Word Count: 6376
• Approx Pages: 26
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Virtu Like most Western philosophers, Niccolo Machiavelli's ideas were heavily influenced by the early Greek philosophers. Most notable among the Greek philosophers who inspired Machiavelli was Plato. ... Machiavelli's belief is concurrent with most of the nations of the free world: a good leader's main responsibility is to preserve his country first. ... Because it is only through this level of participation that Machiavelli's most profound and promising vision of and the most political of his images of the citizen can be manifested. ... "Any form of government, inc...

• Word Count: 4508
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The most important aspect of a citizen was that both parents were citizens but also extended to include distinctions such as birth of constitutional classes and military and socio-economic groups. ... People argue that since a majority of the population was part of the lower class that a democracy favored and benefited the poor the most. ...

• Word Count: 3536
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Governments are created as a means to establish rules and laws as a guide to solving conflicts, and for the protection of the citizen's liberty and security. In a democratic society the government is not a single all- powerful authority wielding ultimate decisive power. Democratic institutions, such as courts, the executive and legislative branches of government, rely on the strength of the majority vote. If the government institutions rely on the will of the majority, problems can emerge of preserving and protecting an individual's liberty and security because of the immense dom...

• Word Count: 2856
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Democracy is best defined as "government by and for the people" (Lijphart, 1999, p.1), so representation is the key as the government that best represents its people is likely to be the most democratic. ... He suggests that the quality of democracy is determined by how well a given political system performs against democratic measures such as women's representation, political equality, electoral participation, satisfaction with democracy, government-voter proximity, accountability and corruption and popular cabinet support. ... It is procedural indicators that will be analys...

• Word Count: 2678
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Democracy is a debatable aspect and it centres on different perspectives that are held by different theorists. The heated debate of democracy includes the differing views concerning the definition of democracy, controversy over the suitable form of democracy since there are different forms, lack of ...

• Word Count: 2661
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Introduction The recent adoption of the anti-gay propaganda law and annexation of Crimea have put Russia back into the international spotlight. A possible explanation for its controversial policy decisions could be the fact that the country is characterized by an undemocratic political system. After...

• Word Count: 4175
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography