He discovered celestial bodies in space, provided information that showed the earth was not the center of the universe, challenged the church, and laid the foundation for modern sciences. ... This was the idea that the earth was not the center of the universe, but the sun was. ... Galileo was also dubbed ""the father of modern physics -- indeed of modern science altogether."" ... Without Galileo there might not be any of the modern sciences that there are today. ... These views conflicted with the teachings of the Catholic Church," (Galileo, http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/JavaLab/MoonsWeb/backGa...

• Word Count: 1527
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

Modern science cannot be given sole responsibility for the diminution of intelligence and the rise of atheism and agnosticism. Nor can modern science be blamed for the death of metaphysics and the privatization and cultural eclipse of religion. ... This would not only deflate any supposed exclusivistic epistemic superiority, but enable science to be science and not a barely disguised, a priori metaphysical ideology such as when Steven Weinberg says in the First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of a Universe that human life is a "farcical outcome of a chain of accidents" ... in "an ...

• Word Count: 2403
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The readings of Darnton, Dobbs and Jacob illuminate how social, political and religious elements were crucial to the development and spread of modern science. ... For example, Jacobs notes that the Stoic religion emphasized an "eternal cosmic cycle of birth, expansion, conflagration, contraction, and regeneration.""3 This cycle of the cosmos was later applied to the behavior of the universe and life. ... Jacob recalls how the "Aristotelian idea of a finite universe came into conflict with the Christian doctrine of divine omnipotence. ... In this instance the scientific theory of a finite u...

• Word Count: 1480
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Bayle's Dictionary had a message on the Book of Genesis, saying it is not wrong on one point and that is God did create the universe, but nobody knows how, and He set it going according to rules-the laws of science-with which He had no reason to interfere (Barzun). ... Their rational religion is called Deism, the idea that God created the universe like a master engineer and then left it to run on its own. ... Rousseau was one of the first modern writers to seriously attack the institution of private property, and therefore is considered a forebear of modern socialism and Communism. ....

• Word Count: 2122
• Approx Pages: 8