Three budget speeches later, economists are now in a position to critically evaluate the success of the measures implemented from 2008-2012. ... The analysis starts with the broadest measures of success and gradually disaggregates the components of the national budget to reveal the hidden conflicts inherent in any matter of public choice. ... Countercyclical fiscal policy entails the notion that during downturns the government should increase measures aimed at employment creation and income subsidization to compensate for losses (Worral, 2009:2). ... Hence, a stricter and more humane measure...

• Word Count: 2383
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

And, 4-poverty alleviation measures. ... When the paper came for review in an inter-governmental meeting, the Finance Minister and Special Adviser to the Prime Minister (Shahid Javed Burki) fully supported the proposals meant to give to the SBP a measure of autonomy but the senior bureaucrats of the Ministry of Finance showed a lukewarm, if not a hostile, attitude to the proposed reforms. ... In his address to the nation on August 19, 1993, the Caretaker Prime Minister, while outlining a programe of socio-economic reforms, stated that measures were to be taken "to turn the Sta...

• Word Count: 2277
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1978, the Chinese government commenced economic reforms which saw the economy experience tremendous economic growth. And between 1978 and 2007 the annual growth rate of GDP per capita averaged at 10 percent without any signs of deceleration. As a matter of fact, China accounted for 35 percent of the growth in the world GDP at purchasing power parity prices. In 2007, the country experienced a historical economic expansion of over 14 percent. However, in 2012, the economic expansion eased, with real GDP growth estimated at around 8 percent, but its economic growth was still stable and continu...

• Word Count: 2232
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Economic development is a broad measure of welfare in a country, its indicators include: health, education, GDP per capita and the preservation of the environment. Vietnam, an emerging economy in transition, has endured a series of economic reforms since the government's decision to implement Doi Mo...

• Word Count: 1293
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

The Republic of Bulgaria A key factor in how Eastern Europe agrees with one another lies in the hands of Bulgaria. This country is centrally located between the countries of Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, and Romania. The Black Sea is on the eastern side of the country providing easy t...

• Word Count: 1286
• Approx Pages: 5

1. Introduction Devastated by a decade of war, Vietnam was finally reunified when the South Vietnamese government surrendered to the advancing northern troops and U.S. troops left the country permanently. Following the independence from France in 1954, the two Vietnams followed different paths. The...

• Word Count: 2031
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

The means adopted by the West for achieving this in the 1980s was to develop a new breed of policy-based loans, "structural adjustment lending" as it came to be known, which involved a high degree of conditionality. 2.Structural Adjustment is the generic term used to describe a package of measures which the IMF, the World Bank and individual Western aid donors persuaded many developing countries to adopt during the 1980s, in return for a new wave of loans. ...

• Word Count: 1434
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

"Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity, it is an act of justice. Like Slavery and Apartheid, poverty is not natural. It is man-made and it can be overcome and eradicated by the actions of human beings. Sometimes it falls on a generation to be great. You can be that great generation. Let your g...

• Word Count: 1739
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Question What led to the "Industrial Revolution"? Is this term correct, or might it be a misnomer? Why? Response Historians consider the industrial revolution as the most significant period in the history of humanity. The Oxford English dictionary describes the industrial revolution as a rapid industrial development, which took place in England in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, chiefly owing to the introduction of new or improved machinery and large-scale production methods. ...

• Word Count: 2253
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate